Efficient nanobiocatalytic systems of nuclease P1 immobilized on PEG-NH2 modified graphene oxide: effects of interface property heterogeneity.

The use of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets for functional enzyme support has attracted intensive interest owing to their unique planar structure and intriguing physical and chemical properties. However, the detailed effects of the interface properties of GO and its functionalized derivatives on active biomolecules are not well understood. We immobilize nuclease P1, a common industrial nucleic acid production enzyme, on pristine and amino poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-NH2) modified GO nanosheets with interface property heterogeneity using two approaches, physical adsorption and chemical crosslinking. It is demonstrated that nuclease P1 could be stable immobilized on the surface of pristine GO by physical adsorption and on the edge of modified GO nanosheets by chemical crosslinking. The resultant loading capacity of nuclease P1 on pristine GO is as high as 6.45mg/mg as a consequence of strong electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the enzyme and carrier. However, it is determined that the acid resistance, thermal stability, reusability and degradation efficiency of the immobilized enzyme on PEG-NH2-modified GO are obviously improved compared to those of the enzyme immobilized on pristine GO. The enhanced catalytic behavior demonstrates that GO and its derivatives have great potential in efficient biocatalytic systems.