Functioning oxyphil cell adenomas of the parathyroid gland. A study of 15 cases.

Parathyroid adenomas composed predominantly of chief cells are the most frequent cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Until as recently as 1978, the rare oxyphil cell parathyroid adenoma was generally considered nonfunctioning. A retrospective review of 500 consecutive patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism associated with parathyroid adenoma during the years 1979-1987 yielded 15 (3.0%) oxyphil cell adenomas. A total of 65 case reports of hyperparathyroidism associated with a diagnosis of oxyphil cell adenomas were reviewed, applying the same diagnostic criteria used in case selection for the present series. These criteria include: (a) at least 90% composition of the adenoma by oxyphil cells; (b) biopsy or excision of a second histologically normal parathyroid gland to help rule out hyperplasia; and (c) postoperative alleviation of hypercalcemia. More than 50% of the previously reported cases did not conform to these criteria. The findings in the present study further document the entity of hyperparathyroidism caused by oxyphil cell parathyroid adenomas and suggest criteria guidelines for this rare diagnosis.