Molly S Estill1, Jay M Bolnick1, Robert A Waterland2, Alan D Bolnick1, Michael P Diamond3, Stephen A Krawetz4. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. 2. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Electronic address: steve@compbio.med.wayne.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on DNA methylation of offspring. DESIGN: Microarray analysis of DNA methylation in archived neonatal bloodspots of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ICSI-conceived children compared with controls born to fertile and infertile parents. SETTING: Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S): Neonatal blood spots of 137 newborns conceived spontaneously, through intrauterine insemination (IUI), or through ICSI using fresh or cryopreserved (frozen) embryo transfer. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450k BeadChip assay determined genome-wide DNA methylation. Methylation differences between conception groups were detected using a Bioconductor package, ChAMP, in conjunction with Adjacent Site Clustering (A-clustering). RESULT(S): The methylation profiles of assisted reproductive technology and IUI newborns were dramatically different from those of naturally (in vivo) conceived newborns. Interestingly, the profiles of ICSI-frozen (FET) and IUI infants were strikingly similar, suggesting that cryopreservation may temper some of the epigenetic aberrations induced by IVF or ICSI. The DNA methylation changes associated with IVF/ICSI culture conditions and/or parental infertility were detected at metastable epialleles, suggesting a lasting impact on a child's epigenome. CONCLUSION(S): Both infertility and ICSI alter DNA methylation at specific genomic loci, an effect that is mitigated to some extent by FET. The impact of assisted reproductive technology and/or fertility status on metastable epialleles in humans was uncovered. This study provides an expanded set of loci for future investigations on IVF populations.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on DNA methylation of offspring. DESIGN: Microarray analysis of DNA methylation in archived neonatal bloodspots of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ICSI-conceived children compared with controls born to fertile and infertile parents. SETTING: Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S): Neonatal blood spots of 137 newborns conceived spontaneously, through intrauterine insemination (IUI), or through ICSI using fresh or cryopreserved (frozen) embryo transfer. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450k BeadChip assay determined genome-wide DNA methylation. Methylation differences between conception groups were detected using a Bioconductor package, ChAMP, in conjunction with Adjacent Site Clustering (A-clustering). RESULT(S): The methylation profiles of assisted reproductive technology and IUI newborns were dramatically different from those of naturally (in vivo) conceived newborns. Interestingly, the profiles of ICSI-frozen (FET) and IUI infants were strikingly similar, suggesting that cryopreservation may temper some of the epigenetic aberrations induced by IVF or ICSI. The DNA methylation changes associated with IVF/ICSI culture conditions and/or parental infertility were detected at metastable epialleles, suggesting a lasting impact on a child's epigenome. CONCLUSION(S): Both infertility and ICSI alter DNA methylation at specific genomic loci, an effect that is mitigated to some extent by FET. The impact of assisted reproductive technology and/or fertility status on metastable epialleles in humans was uncovered. This study provides an expanded set of loci for future investigations on IVF populations.
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