Panu Kiviranta1, Tanja Kuiri-Hänninen1, Antti Saari1, Marja-Leena Lamidi2, Leo Dunkel3, Ulla Sankilampi1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and. 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and. 3. William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom l.dunkel@qmul.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transient activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with a sex steroid surge is observed in boys and girls during the first months of life. However, the role of sex steroids in the regulation of growth has not been substantiated in infancy. We tested the hypothesis that testosterone (T) surge, known to be higher in infant boys than in girls during the transient postnatal gonadal activation regulates linear growth in infants. METHODS: To characterize in detail the linear growth velocity (GV) differences between genders in the normal population in early infancy, we evaluated growth of 18 570 healthy infants (51.0% boys) with 162 003 height measurements from birth to 12 months of age. GV was monitored and compared with serially measured urinary T and estradiol levels and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in 84 healthy infants (45% boys) during the first 6 months of life. RESULTS: GV was significantly faster from birth to 6 months of age in boys than in girls (P ≤ .01). The greatest GV difference, 4.1 cm per year, was observed at 1 month of age, simultaneously with the peak of postnatal gonadal activation. In the mixed model analysis, GV showed a significant positive association with T in both genders (parameter estimate up to 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.44-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a new insight into the regulation of growth in infants and elucidate a novel biological role of the transient postnatal gonadal activation in growth regulation.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transient activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with a sex steroid surge is observed in boys and girls during the first months of life. However, the role of sex steroids in the regulation of growth has not been substantiated in infancy. We tested the hypothesis that testosterone (T) surge, known to be higher in infantboys than in girls during the transient postnatal gonadal activation regulates linear growth in infants. METHODS: To characterize in detail the linear growth velocity (GV) differences between genders in the normal population in early infancy, we evaluated growth of 18 570 healthy infants (51.0% boys) with 162 003 height measurements from birth to 12 months of age. GV was monitored and compared with serially measured urinary T and estradiol levels and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in 84 healthy infants (45% boys) during the first 6 months of life. RESULTS: GV was significantly faster from birth to 6 months of age in boys than in girls (P ≤ .01). The greatest GV difference, 4.1 cm per year, was observed at 1 month of age, simultaneously with the peak of postnatal gonadal activation. In the mixed model analysis, GV showed a significant positive association with T in both genders (parameter estimate up to 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.44-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a new insight into the regulation of growth in infants and elucidate a novel biological role of the transient postnatal gonadal activation in growth regulation.
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Authors: Tanja Kuiri-Hänninen; Jaakko Koskenniemi; Leo Dunkel; Jorma Toppari; Ulla Sankilampi Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2019-07-23 Impact factor: 5.555