Jason F Earle1. 1. Armour Academic Center, College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Abstract
TOPIC: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Psychopharmacology can play an important role within an array of services to help children and adolescents with ASD. PURPOSE: This article reviews the current evidence supporting the use of various psychiatric medications to treat common symptoms that often compromise functioning: severe irritability, interfering repetitive behaviors, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and sleep dysregulation. Based on the accumulating research, the article also offers practice recommendations. SOURCES: The article primarily draws on the science generated by investigators from the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. This body of work consists of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, open trials, and review articles. CONCLUSIONS: There are currently no FDA-approved medications to treat the core symptoms of ASD. Consequently, all medications, besides risperidone and aripiprazole for severe irritability, are considered off-label. Additionally, due to reduced levels of effectiveness and higher rates of side effects, more typical medications such as antidepressants and stimulants should be used with caution. However, the evidence indicates that the thoughtful use of psychiatric medication in conjunction with other interventions may be beneficial in helping children and adolescents with ASD thrive at school and home.
TOPIC: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Psychopharmacology can play an important role within an array of services to help children and adolescents with ASD. PURPOSE: This article reviews the current evidence supporting the use of various psychiatric medications to treat common symptoms that often compromise functioning: severe irritability, interfering repetitive behaviors, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and sleep dysregulation. Based on the accumulating research, the article also offers practice recommendations. SOURCES: The article primarily draws on the science generated by investigators from the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. This body of work consists of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, open trials, and review articles. CONCLUSIONS: There are currently no FDA-approved medications to treat the core symptoms of ASD. Consequently, all medications, besides risperidone and aripiprazole for severe irritability, are considered off-label. Additionally, due to reduced levels of effectiveness and higher rates of side effects, more typical medications such as antidepressants and stimulants should be used with caution. However, the evidence indicates that the thoughtful use of psychiatric medication in conjunction with other interventions may be beneficial in helping children and adolescents with ASD thrive at school and home.