PURPOSE: To determine whether a combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided methods and dye-guided methods can identify sentinel lymph nodes in animals. METHODS: Seven pigs were put under general anesthesia and injected subcutaneously in the neck: three with 2 ml saline and four with 2 ml fluid comprising 0.4 ml 5% patent blue violet solution and 1.6 ml of hydroxyethylated starch (Salinhes) solution (PB + HS). The regional lymph nodes were observed by ultrasound; blue-stained regional lymph nodes found after the skin was cut were situated as ultrasound had shown they would be. RESULTS: The regional lymph nodes of the pigs given saline were unchanged, but in the pigs receiving PB + HS, the echo level in the lymph nodes nearest the injection site was altered, producing a clear contrast with the surrounding tissues. The area of the relevant regional lymph node in each PB + HS-injected pig increased significantly (t-test, P < 0.01; from 25.7, 39.6, 9.36, 70.2 mm(2), and mean, 36.2 mm(2); to 50.7, 65.5, 21.1, 98.3 mm(2), and mean, 58.9 mm(2), respectively). These enlarged regional lymph nodes were easily found by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. When excised under ultrasound guidance, all were stained blue, indicating that they were sentinel lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that this combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided and dye-guided methods warrants use as a quick, simple procedure for detecting sentinel lymph nodes.
PURPOSE: To determine whether a combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided methods and dye-guided methods can identify sentinel lymph nodes in animals. METHODS: Seven pigs were put under general anesthesia and injected subcutaneously in the neck: three with 2 ml saline and four with 2 ml fluid comprising 0.4 ml 5% patent blue violet solution and 1.6 ml of hydroxyethylated starch (Salinhes) solution (PB + HS). The regional lymph nodes were observed by ultrasound; blue-stained regional lymph nodes found after the skin was cut were situated as ultrasound had shown they would be. RESULTS: The regional lymph nodes of the pigs given saline were unchanged, but in the pigs receiving PB + HS, the echo level in the lymph nodes nearest the injection site was altered, producing a clear contrast with the surrounding tissues. The area of the relevant regional lymph node in each PB + HS-injected pig increased significantly (t-test, P < 0.01; from 25.7, 39.6, 9.36, 70.2 mm(2), and mean, 36.2 mm(2); to 50.7, 65.5, 21.1, 98.3 mm(2), and mean, 58.9 mm(2), respectively). These enlarged regional lymph nodes were easily found by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. When excised under ultrasound guidance, all were stained blue, indicating that they were sentinel lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that this combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided and dye-guided methods warrants use as a quick, simple procedure for detecting sentinel lymph nodes.
Authors: U Veronesi; G Paganelli; V Galimberti; G Viale; S Zurrida; M Bedoni; A Costa; C de Cicco; J G Geraghty; A Luini; V Sacchini; P Veronesi Journal: Lancet Date: 1997-06-28 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: B J O'Hea; A D Hill; A M El-Shirbiny; S D Yeh; P P Rosen; D G Coit; P I Borgen; H S Cody Journal: J Am Coll Surg Date: 1998-04 Impact factor: 6.113
Authors: J J Albertini; G H Lyman; C Cox; T Yeatman; L Balducci; N Ku; S Shivers; C Berman; K Wells; D Rapaport; A Shons; J Horton; H Greenberg; S Nicosia; R Clark; A Cantor; D S Reintgen Journal: JAMA Date: 1996-12-11 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: B Fisher; C Redmond; E R Fisher; M Bauer; N Wolmark; D L Wickerham; M Deutsch; E Montague; R Margolese; R Foster Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1985-03-14 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: XinWu Cui; Andre Ignee; Michael Bachmann Nielsen; Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich; Chiara De Molo; Clara Pirri; Maciej Jedrzejczyk; Dietrich F Christoph Journal: J Ultrason Date: 2013-03-30