Electrochemically Induced Nanobubbles between Graphene and Mica.

We present a new method to create dynamic nanobubbles. The nanobubbles are created between graphene and mica by reducing intercalated water to hydrogen. The nanobubbles have a typical radius of several hundred nanometers, a height of a few tens of nanometers and an internal pressure in the range of 0.5-8 MPa. Our approach paves the way to the realization of nanobubbles of which both size and internal pressure are tunable.