Sandra A Billinger1, Jason-Flor V Sisante1, Anna E Mattlage1, Abdulfattah S Alqahtani1, Michael G Abraham2,3, Marilyn M Rymer2,4, Paul J Camarata5. 1. a 1 Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science. 2. b 2 Department of Neurology. 3. c 3 Department of Radiology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA. 4. d 4 University of Kansas Hospital , Kansas City , KS , USA. 5. e 5 Department of Neurosurgery , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Data from chronic stroke studies have reported reduced blood flow and vascular endothelial function in the stroke-affected limb. It is unclear whether these differences are present early after stroke. First, we investigated whether vascular endothelial function in the stroke-affected limb would be different from healthy adults. Second, we examined whether between-limb differences in vascular endothelial function existed in the stroke-affected arm compared to the non-affected arm. Last, we tested whether reduced vascular endothelial function was related to pro-inflammatory markers that are present early after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vascular endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery within 72 h post-stroke. All participants withheld medications from midnight until after the procedure. Ultrasound scans and blood draws for pro-inflammatory markers occurred on the same day between 7:30 am and 9:00 am. RESULTS: People with acute stroke had significantly lower FMD (4.2% ± 4.6%) than control participants (8.5% ± 5.2%, p = 0.037). Stroke participants had between-limb differences in FMD (4.2% ± 4.6% stroke-affected vs. 5.3% ± 4.4% non-affected, p = 0.02), whereas, the control participants did not. Of the pro-inflammatory markers, only vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) had a significant relationship to FMD (stroke-affected limb, r = -0.62, p = 0.03; non-affected limb, r = -0.75, p = 0.005), but not tumor necrosis factor alpha nor interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular endothelial function is reduced starting in the early stage of stroke recovery. People with higher levels of VCAM-1 had a lower FMD response.
Purpose/Aim: Data from chronic stroke studies have reported reduced blood flow and vascular endothelial function in the stroke-affected limb. It is unclear whether these differences are present early after stroke. First, we investigated whether vascular endothelial function in the stroke-affected limb would be different from healthy adults. Second, we examined whether between-limb differences in vascular endothelial function existed in the stroke-affected arm compared to the non-affected arm. Last, we tested whether reduced vascular endothelial function was related to pro-inflammatory markers that are present early after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vascular endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery within 72 h post-stroke. All participants withheld medications from midnight until after the procedure. Ultrasound scans and blood draws for pro-inflammatory markers occurred on the same day between 7:30 am and 9:00 am. RESULTS:People with acute stroke had significantly lower FMD (4.2% ± 4.6%) than control participants (8.5% ± 5.2%, p = 0.037). Strokeparticipants had between-limb differences in FMD (4.2% ± 4.6% stroke-affected vs. 5.3% ± 4.4% non-affected, p = 0.02), whereas, the control participants did not. Of the pro-inflammatory markers, only vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) had a significant relationship to FMD (stroke-affected limb, r = -0.62, p = 0.03; non-affected limb, r = -0.75, p = 0.005), but not tumor necrosis factor alpha nor interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular endothelial function is reduced starting in the early stage of stroke recovery. People with higher levels of VCAM-1 had a lower FMD response.
Entities:
Keywords:
Flow-mediated dilation; acute stroke; inflammatory markers; vascular endothelial function
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