Nikolaj Rittig1, Ermina Bach2, Henrik H Thomsen2, Andreas B Møller3, Jakob Hansen4, Mogens Johannsen4, Erik Jensen5, Anja Serena5, Jens O Jørgensen2, Bjørn Richelsen2, Niels Jessen6, Niels Møller2. 1. Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology (MEA) and Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Electronic address: nikolaj.rittig@clin.au.dk. 2. Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology (MEA) and Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 3. Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 4. Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. 5. Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Sønderhøj 10-12, 8260 Viby J, Denmark. 6. Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology (MEA) and Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Protein-rich beverages are widely used clinically to preserve muscle protein and improve physical performance. Beverages with high contents of leucine or its keto-metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are especially anabolic in muscle, but it is uncertain whether this also applies to catabolic conditions such as fasting and whether common or separate intracellular signaling cascades are involved. OBJECTIVE: To compare a specific leucine-rich whey protein beverage (LWH) with isocaloric carbohydrate- (CHO), soy protein (SOY), and soy protein +3 g HMB (HMB) during fasting-induced catabolic conditions. DESIGN:Eight healthy lean male subjects underwentfour interventions (LWH, CHO, SOY, and HMB) using a randomized crossover design. Each trial included a 36 h fast and consisted of a 3 h basal fasting period and a 4 h 'sipping' period. RESULTS:Forearm net balances of phenylalanine (NBphe, measure of net protein loss) improved for all groups (p < 0.05), but more prominently so for LWH and HMB compared with SOY (p < 0.05). Muscle protein phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets eukaryotic translation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6) were distinctly increased during LWH consumption (p < 0.05). The ratio between autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3β II and I (LC3II/LC3I, a measure of autophagy activity) was decreased during LWH and SOY intake compared with the fasting period (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LWH and HMB have superior anabolic effects on muscle protein kinetics after 36 h of fasting, and LWH distinctly activates the mTOR pathway. These novel findings suggest that leucine-rich whey protein and/or HMB are specifically beneficial during fasting-induced catabolic conditions.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Protein-rich beverages are widely used clinically to preserve muscle protein and improve physical performance. Beverages with high contents of leucine or its keto-metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are especially anabolic in muscle, but it is uncertain whether this also applies to catabolic conditions such as fasting and whether common or separate intracellular signaling cascades are involved. OBJECTIVE: To compare a specific leucine-rich whey protein beverage (LWH) with isocaloric carbohydrate- (CHO), soy protein (SOY), and soy protein +3 g HMB (HMB) during fasting-induced catabolic conditions. DESIGN: Eight healthy lean male subjects underwent four interventions (LWH, CHO, SOY, and HMB) using a randomized crossover design. Each trial included a 36 h fast and consisted of a 3 h basal fasting period and a 4 h 'sipping' period. RESULTS: Forearm net balances of phenylalanine (NBphe, measure of net protein loss) improved for all groups (p < 0.05), but more prominently so for LWH and HMB compared with SOY (p < 0.05). Muscle protein phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets eukaryotic translation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6) were distinctly increased during LWH consumption (p < 0.05). The ratio between autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3β II and I (LC3II/LC3I, a measure of autophagy activity) was decreased during LWH and SOY intake compared with the fasting period (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:LWH and HMB have superior anabolic effects on muscle protein kinetics after 36 h of fasting, and LWH distinctly activates the mTOR pathway. These novel findings suggest that leucine-rich whey protein and/or HMB are specifically beneficial during fasting-induced catabolic conditions.
Authors: Grant M Tinsley; M Lane Moore; Austin J Graybeal; Antonio Paoli; Youngdeok Kim; Joaquin U Gonzales; John R Harry; Trisha A VanDusseldorp; Devin N Kennedy; Megan R Cruz Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-09-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Chad M Kerksick; Colin D Wilborn; Michael D Roberts; Abbie Smith-Ryan; Susan M Kleiner; Ralf Jäger; Rick Collins; Mathew Cooke; Jaci N Davis; Elfego Galvan; Mike Greenwood; Lonnie M Lowery; Robert Wildman; Jose Antonio; Richard B Kreider Journal: J Int Soc Sports Nutr Date: 2018-08-01 Impact factor: 5.150
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