Kazutoshi Nakamura1, Kaori Kitamura2, Yumi Watanabe2, Hiroko Shinoda3, Hisami Sato3, Toshiyuki Someya4,5. 1. Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. kazun@med.niigata-u.ac.jp. 2. Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. 3. Ojiya City Government, Ojiya, Niigata, Japan. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. 5. Niigata Institute for Traumatic Stress, Mental Health and Welfare Association in Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine rural-urban differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Japan. METHODS: We targeted 592 residents aged 65 years and older who did not use long-term care insurance services in one rural and two urban areas in Ojiya City, Japan. Of these, 537 (90.7 %) participated in the study. The revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R) was used to assess cognitive function, and cognitive impairment was defined as a HDS-R score ≤20. Lifestyle information was obtained through interviews. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was compared according to the levels of predictor variables by odds ratios (ORs) calculated by a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 75.7 years (SD 7.0). The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 20/239 (8.4 %) in the rural area and 6/298 (2.0 %) in the urban areas, for a total of 26/537 (4.8 %) overall. Men tended to have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (P = 0.0628), and age was associated with cognitive impairment (P for trend <0.0001). The rural area had a significantly higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (age- and sex-adjusted OR = 4.04, 95 % CI: 1.54-10.62) than urban areas. This difference was significant after adjusting for other lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher in the rural area relative to urban areas in Ojiya city. This regional difference suggests the existence of potentially modifiable factors other than lifestyle in relation to cognitive impairment.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine rural-urban differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Japan. METHODS: We targeted 592 residents aged 65 years and older who did not use long-term care insurance services in one rural and two urban areas in Ojiya City, Japan. Of these, 537 (90.7 %) participated in the study. The revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R) was used to assess cognitive function, and cognitive impairment was defined as a HDS-R score ≤20. Lifestyle information was obtained through interviews. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was compared according to the levels of predictor variables by odds ratios (ORs) calculated by a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 75.7 years (SD 7.0). The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 20/239 (8.4 %) in the rural area and 6/298 (2.0 %) in the urban areas, for a total of 26/537 (4.8 %) overall. Men tended to have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (P = 0.0628), and age was associated with cognitive impairment (P for trend <0.0001). The rural area had a significantly higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (age- and sex-adjusted OR = 4.04, 95 % CI: 1.54-10.62) than urban areas. This difference was significant after adjusting for other lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher in the rural area relative to urban areas in Ojiya city. This regional difference suggests the existence of potentially modifiable factors other than lifestyle in relation to cognitive impairment.
Authors: Richard G Wight; Carol S Aneshensel; Dana Miller-Martinez; Amanda L Botticello; Janet R Cummings; Arun S Karlamangla; Teresa E Seeman Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2006-05-17 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: K W Kim; D Y Lee; J H Jhoo; J C Youn; Y J Suh; Y H Jun; E H Seo; J I Woo Journal: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Date: 2005-03-22 Impact factor: 2.959
Authors: J W Jeong; K W Kim; D Y Lee; S B Lee; J H Park; E A Choi; J Y Choe; Y J Do; J S Ryang; H A Roh; Y S Park; Y Choi; J I Woo Journal: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Date: 2007-08-24 Impact factor: 2.959
Authors: May A Beydoun; Hind A Beydoun; Alyssa A Gamaldo; Alison Teel; Alan B Zonderman; Youfa Wang Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2014-06-24 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Kayla B Corney; Emma C West; Shae E Quirk; Julie A Pasco; Amanda L Stuart; Behnaz Azimi Manavi; Bianca E Kavanagh; Lana J Williams Journal: Front Aging Neurosci Date: 2022-05-04 Impact factor: 5.702
Authors: Minjeong Kang; Inhwan Lee; Haeryun Hong; Jeonghyeon Kim; Hyunsik Kang Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-11 Impact factor: 3.390