Farooq Syed1, Carmella Evans-Molina. 1. aDepartment of Pediatrics bDepartment of Medicine cDepartment of Cellular and Integrative Physiology dDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology eThe Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine fThe Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the development of nucleic acid-based biomarkers of type 1 diabetes (T1D). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent rodent and human studies have identified new roles for stress pathways intrinsic to the β cell during the development of T1D. As such, methods to identify an authentic nucleic acid signature of β cell stress and/or death may improve our ability to predict T1D at earlier timepoints, allowing for optimal timing of immunomodulatory interventions. To this end, both targeted and unbiased approaches have begun to identify changes in microRNA expression patterns in T1D. Moreover, a number of groups have developed distinct assays that quantitatively detect circulating unmethylated insulin DNA, which is thought to primarily emanate from dying β cells. SUMMARY: Here we highlight unique blood and urine microRNA signatures identified in T1D cohorts, compare differences between first, second, and third-generation assays that detect circulating unmethylated insulin DNA, and review recent technological advances that have the capacity to improve T1D biomarker development.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the development of nucleic acid-based biomarkers of type 1 diabetes (T1D). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent rodent and human studies have identified new roles for stress pathways intrinsic to the β cell during the development of T1D. As such, methods to identify an authentic nucleic acid signature of β cell stress and/or death may improve our ability to predict T1D at earlier timepoints, allowing for optimal timing of immunomodulatory interventions. To this end, both targeted and unbiased approaches have begun to identify changes in microRNA expression patterns in T1D. Moreover, a number of groups have developed distinct assays that quantitatively detect circulating unmethylated insulin DNA, which is thought to primarily emanate from dying β cells. SUMMARY: Here we highlight unique blood and urine microRNA signatures identified in T1D cohorts, compare differences between first, second, and third-generation assays that detect circulating unmethylated insulin DNA, and review recent technological advances that have the capacity to improve T1D biomarker development.
Authors: Huiming Sheng; Saleema Hassanali; Courtney Nugent; Li Wen; Emma Hamilton-Williams; Peter Dias; Yang D Dai Journal: J Immunol Date: 2011-07-06 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Anne M Pesenacker; Adele Y Wang; Amrit Singh; Jana Gillies; Youngwoong Kim; Ciriaco A Piccirillo; Duc Nguyen; W Nicholas Haining; Scott J Tebbutt; Constadina Panagiotopoulos; Megan K Levings Journal: Diabetes Date: 2016-01-19 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Kevan C Herold; Stephen Gitelman; Carla Greenbaum; Jennifer Puck; William Hagopian; Peter Gottlieb; Peter Sayre; Peter Bianchine; Emelita Wong; Vicki Seyfert-Margolis; Kasia Bourcier; Jeffrey A Bluestone Journal: Clin Immunol Date: 2009-05-14 Impact factor: 3.969
Authors: Matthew N Poy; Jean Hausser; Mirko Trajkovski; Matthias Braun; Stephan Collins; Patrik Rorsman; Mihaela Zavolan; Markus Stoffel Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2009-03-16 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Roni Lehmann-Werman; Daniel Neiman; Hai Zemmour; Joshua Moss; Judith Magenheim; Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky; Sten Rubertsson; Bengt Nellgård; Kaj Blennow; Henrik Zetterberg; Kirsty Spalding; Michael J Haller; Clive H Wasserfall; Desmond A Schatz; Carla J Greenbaum; Craig Dorrell; Markus Grompe; Aviad Zick; Ayala Hubert; Myriam Maoz; Volker Fendrich; Detlef K Bartsch; Talia Golan; Shmuel A Ben Sasson; Gideon Zamir; Aharon Razin; Howard Cedar; A M James Shapiro; Benjamin Glaser; Ruth Shemer; Yuval Dor Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2016-03-14 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Mathieu Latreille; Karolin Herrmanns; Neil Renwick; Thomas Tuschl; Maciej T Malecki; Mark I McCarthy; Katharine R Owen; Thomas Rülicke; Markus Stoffel Journal: J Mol Med (Berl) Date: 2015-05-28 Impact factor: 4.599