Retroperitoneal Bleeding and Arteriovenous Fistula after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Successfully Treated with Intravascular Ultrasound-guided Covered Stent Implantation.

The major puncture-site complications of the transfemoral approach are retroperitoneal bleeding (RPB), arteriovenous (AV) fistula, and arterial pseudoaneurysm. Although the management of RPB and AV fistula depends on individual cases, our experience shows that the use of a covered stent with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance can successfully manage percutaneous coronary intervention-associated RPB and AV fistula. IVUS guidance can therefore make it easy to use an optimal-size covered stent.