Ammar Siddiqui1, Laura Belland1, Laura Rivera-Reyes1, Daniel Handel2, Kabir Yadav3, Kennon Heard4, Amanda Eisenberg5, Yury Khelemsky1, Ula Hwang1. 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA. 2. Division of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA. 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
Objectives: To identify differences in emergency department (ED) pain-care based on the type of fracture sustained and to examine whether fracture type may influence the more aggressive analgesic use previously demonstrated in older patients. Design: Secondary analysis of retrospective cohort study. Setting: Five EDs (four academic, one community) in the United States. Participants: Patients (1,664) who presented in January, March, July, and October 2009 with a final diagnosis of fracture (774 long bone [LBF], 890 shorter bone [SBF]). Measurements: Primary-predictor was type of fracture (LBF vs. SBF). Pain-care process outcomes included likelihood of analgesic administration, opioid-dose, and time to first analgesic. General estimating equations were used to control for age, gender, race, baseline pain score, triage acuity, comorbidities and ED crowding. Subgroup analyses were conducted to analyze age-based differences in pain care by fracture type. Results: A larger proportion of patients with LBF (30%) were older (>65 years old) compared to SBF (13%). Compared with SBF, patients with LBF were associated with greater likelihood of analgesic-administration (OR = 2.03; 95 CI = 1.58 to 2.62; P < 0.001) and higher opioid-doses (parameter estimate = 0.268; 95 CI = 0.239 to 0.297; P < 0.001). When LBF were examined separately, older-patients had a trend to longer analgesic wait-times (99 [55-163] vs. 76 [35-149] minutes, P = 0.057), but no other differences in process outcomes were found. Conclusion: Long bone fractures were associated with more aggressive pain care than SBF. When fracture types were examined separately, older patients did not appear to receive more aggressive pain care. This difference should be accounted for in further research.
Objectives: To identify differences in emergency department (ED) pain-care based on the type of fracture sustained and to examine whether fracture type may influence the more aggressive analgesic use previously demonstrated in older patients. Design: Secondary analysis of retrospective cohort study. Setting: Five EDs (four academic, one community) in the United States. Participants: Patients (1,664) who presented in January, March, July, and October 2009 with a final diagnosis of fracture (774 long bone [LBF], 890 shorter bone [SBF]). Measurements: Primary-predictor was type of fracture (LBF vs. SBF). Pain-care process outcomes included likelihood of analgesic administration, opioid-dose, and time to first analgesic. General estimating equations were used to control for age, gender, race, baseline pain score, triage acuity, comorbidities and ED crowding. Subgroup analyses were conducted to analyze age-based differences in pain care by fracture type. Results: A larger proportion of patients with LBF (30%) were older (>65 years old) compared to SBF (13%). Compared with SBF, patients with LBF were associated with greater likelihood of analgesic-administration (OR = 2.03; 95 CI = 1.58 to 2.62; P < 0.001) and higher opioid-doses (parameter estimate = 0.268; 95 CI = 0.239 to 0.297; P < 0.001). When LBF were examined separately, older-patients had a trend to longer analgesic wait-times (99 [55-163] vs. 76 [35-149] minutes, P = 0.057), but no other differences in process outcomes were found. Conclusion: Long bone fractures were associated with more aggressive pain care than SBF. When fracture types were examined separately, older patients did not appear to receive more aggressive pain care. This difference should be accounted for in further research.
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