Genetic variations involved in sudden cardiac death and their associations and interactions.

Although the mechanism of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure is not completely known, genetic variations are known to play key roles in this process. Increasing numbers of mutations and variants are being discovered through genome-wide association studies. The genetic variations involved in the mechanisms of SCD have aroused widespread concern. Comprehensive understanding of the genetic variations involved in SCD may help prevent it. To this end, we briefly reviewed the genetic variations involved in SCD and their associations and interactions, and observed that cardiac ion channels are the core molecules involved in this process. Genetic variations involved in cardiac structure, cardiogenesis and development, cell division and differentiation, and DNA replication and transcription are all speculated to be loci involved in SCD. Additionally, the systems involved in neurohumoral regulation as well as substance and energy metabolism are also potentially responsible for susceptibility to SCD. They form an elaborate network and mutually interact with each other to govern the fate of SCD-susceptible individuals.