First-, Second-, and Third-Trimester Screening for Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are major contributors to perinatal mortality and morbidity. Accurate prediction is important for identifying those who require more intensive monitoring, permitting earlier recognition and intervention and targeting of potential preventive measures. Although measures of placental dysfunction have been associated with increased risk adverse pregnancy outcomes, the ability of any single measure to predict these outcomes is poor. Predictive models combining analytes and measurements of placental structure and blood flow have produced mixed results. Biochemical markers plus uterine artery Doppler screening throughout gestation show promise as screening tools. Published studies, however, suggest limited clinical applicability.