Daniel Sabater-Hernández1, Marta Sabater-Galindo2, Fernando Fernandez-Llimos3, Inajara Rotta4, Lutfun N Hossain5, Desire Durks6, Lucia Franco-Trigo7, Livia A Lopes8, Cassyano J Correr9, Shalom I Benrimoj10. 1. 1 Graduate School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, and Academic Centre in Pharmaceutical Care, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 2. 2 University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 3. 3 Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. 4. 4 PostGraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana. 5. 7 Graduate School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 6. 8 Graduate School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 7. 9 School of Health (UTS: Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 8. 5 Post-Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana. 9. 6 Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. 10. 10 School of Health University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has a substantial impact on people's health and quality of life. CVD also causes an increased use of health care resources and services, representing a significant proportion of health care expenditure. Integrating evidence-based community pharmacy services is seen as an asset to reduce the burden of CVD on individuals and the health care system. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify community pharmacy evidence-based services designed to help prevent CVD and (b) provide fundamental information that is needed to assess their potential adaptation to other community pharmacy settings. METHODS: This review used the DEPICT database, which includes 488 randomized controlled trials (RCT) that address the evaluation of pharmacy services. Articles reviewing these RCTs were identified for the DEPICT database through a systematic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). The DEPICT database was reviewed to identify evidence-based services delivered in the community pharmacy setting with the purpose of preventing CVD. An evidence-based service was defined as a service that has been shown to have a positive effect (compared with usual care) in a high-quality RCT. From each evidence-based service, fundamental information was retrieved to facilitate adaptation to other community pharmacy settings. RESULTS: From the DEPICT database, 14 evidence-based community pharmacy services that addressed the prevention of CVD were identified. All services, except 1, targeted populations with a mean age above 60 years. Pharmacy services encompassed a wide range of practical applications or techniques that can be classified into 3 groups: activities directed at patients, activities directed at health care professionals, and assessments to gather patient-related information in order to support the previous activities. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides pharmacy service planners and policymakers with a comprehensive list of evidence-based services that have the potential to be adapted to different settings from which they were originally implemented and evaluated in order to reduce the burden of CVD. DISCLOSURES: Funding for this review was provided by the University of Technology Sydney Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Sabater-Hernández. No other potential conflict of interest was declared. Study concept and design were contributed by Sabater-Hernández, Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Correr. Sabater-Galindo and Sabater-Hernández took the lead in data collection, along with Franco-Trigo and Rotta. Data interpretation was performed by Sabater-Hernández, Durks, and Lopes. The manuscript was written primarily by Sabater-Hernández, along with Hossain, and revised by Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Benrimoj, with assistance from Durks, Sabater-Galindo, Franco-Trigo, and Correr.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has a substantial impact on people's health and quality of life. CVD also causes an increased use of health care resources and services, representing a significant proportion of health care expenditure. Integrating evidence-based community pharmacy services is seen as an asset to reduce the burden of CVD on individuals and the health care system. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify community pharmacy evidence-based services designed to help prevent CVD and (b) provide fundamental information that is needed to assess their potential adaptation to other community pharmacy settings. METHODS: This review used the DEPICT database, which includes 488 randomized controlled trials (RCT) that address the evaluation of pharmacy services. Articles reviewing these RCTs were identified for the DEPICT database through a systematic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). The DEPICT database was reviewed to identify evidence-based services delivered in the community pharmacy setting with the purpose of preventing CVD. An evidence-based service was defined as a service that has been shown to have a positive effect (compared with usual care) in a high-quality RCT. From each evidence-based service, fundamental information was retrieved to facilitate adaptation to other community pharmacy settings. RESULTS: From the DEPICT database, 14 evidence-based community pharmacy services that addressed the prevention of CVD were identified. All services, except 1, targeted populations with a mean age above 60 years. Pharmacy services encompassed a wide range of practical applications or techniques that can be classified into 3 groups: activities directed at patients, activities directed at health care professionals, and assessments to gather patient-related information in order to support the previous activities. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides pharmacy service planners and policymakers with a comprehensive list of evidence-based services that have the potential to be adapted to different settings from which they were originally implemented and evaluated in order to reduce the burden of CVD. DISCLOSURES: Funding for this review was provided by the University of Technology Sydney Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Sabater-Hernández. No other potential conflict of interest was declared. Study concept and design were contributed by Sabater-Hernández, Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Correr. Sabater-Galindo and Sabater-Hernández took the lead in data collection, along with Franco-Trigo and Rotta. Data interpretation was performed by Sabater-Hernández, Durks, and Lopes. The manuscript was written primarily by Sabater-Hernández, along with Hossain, and revised by Fernandez-Llimos, Rotta, and Benrimoj, with assistance from Durks, Sabater-Galindo, Franco-Trigo, and Correr.
Authors: Liz Steed; Ratna Sohanpal; Adam Todd; Vichithranie W Madurasinghe; Carol Rivas; Elizabeth A Edwards; Carolyn D Summerbell; Stephanie Jc Taylor; R T Walton Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2019-12-06
Authors: Lutfun N Hossain; Fernando Fernandez-Llimos; Tim Luckett; Joanna C Moullin; Desire Durks; Lucia Franco-Trigo; Shalom I Benrimoj; Daniel Sabater-Hernández Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2017-09-05 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Zuzana Haramiova; Michal Stasko; Martin Hulin; Tomas Tesar; Magdalena Kuzelova; Donald M Morisky Journal: Trials Date: 2017-07-18 Impact factor: 2.279
Authors: Francisco Martínez-Mardones; Fernando Fernandez-Llimos; Shalom I Benrimoj; Antonio Ahumada-Canale; José Cristian Plaza-Plaza; Fernanda S Tonin; Victoria Garcia-Cardenas Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2019-11-12 Impact factor: 5.501