Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants and Sjögren's Syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory condition involving the exocrine glands, has been suggested to be part of the spectrum of the Autoimmune/ inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA). ASIA incorporates an umbrella of clinical conditions including siliconosis, macrophage myofasciitis syndrome, and post-vaccination phenomena that occur after the exposure to a substance, namely the adjuvant. Interestingly, SS and ASIA share several common features. Firstly, a shared pathogenic mechanism involving a disruption of the immune system balance, with B cell proliferation, cytokine production and tissue infiltration, has been proposed. Patients with ASIA often present clinical features resembling those of SS; dry mouth and dry eyes have also been included in the proposed classification criteria for ASIA. Finally, several case reports have suggested that both vaccines and silicone may trigger the development of SS. Unveiling these common pathways will contribute considerably to our understanding and management of both conditions.