Jerome N Rachele1, Lisa Wood2, Andrea Nathan3, Katrina Giskes4, Gavin Turrell5. 1. Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: jerome.rachele@acu.edu.au. 2. School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Electronic address: lisa.wood@uwa.edu.au. 3. Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Electronic address: andrea.nathan@acu.edu.au. 4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: kgis4867@uni.sydney.edu.au. 5. Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: gavin.turrell@acu.edu.au.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aims to determine if neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics contribute to inequalities in smoking among residents from neighbourhoods of differing socioeconomic disadvantage. METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes 11,035 residents from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia in 2007. Self-reported measures were obtained for smoking and neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics (perceptions of incivilities, crime and safety, and social cohesion). Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using a census-derived index. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression random intercept models. RESULTS: Smoking was associated with neighbourhood disadvantage; this relationship remained after adjustment for individual-level socioeconomic position. Area-level perceptions of crime and safety and social cohesion were not independently associated with smoking, and did not explain the higher prevalence of smoking in disadvantaged areas; however, perceptions of incivilities showed an independent effect. CONCLUSIONS: Some neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics seem to contribute to the higher rates of smoking in disadvantaged areas.
PURPOSE: This study aims to determine if neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics contribute to inequalities in smoking among residents from neighbourhoods of differing socioeconomic disadvantage. METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes 11,035 residents from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia in 2007. Self-reported measures were obtained for smoking and neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics (perceptions of incivilities, crime and safety, and social cohesion). Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using a census-derived index. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression random intercept models. RESULTS: Smoking was associated with neighbourhood disadvantage; this relationship remained after adjustment for individual-level socioeconomic position. Area-level perceptions of crime and safety and social cohesion were not independently associated with smoking, and did not explain the higher prevalence of smoking in disadvantaged areas; however, perceptions of incivilities showed an independent effect. CONCLUSIONS: Some neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics seem to contribute to the higher rates of smoking in disadvantaged areas.
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