Michael Mimouni1, Shiri Zayit-Soudry2, Ori Segal3, Yoreh Barak2, Arie Y Nemet3, Shiri Shulman4, Noa Geffen3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: michael@intername.co.il. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate trends in the prevalence of women authors in ophthalmology in recent years. DESIGN: Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Authors listed in publications of 6 leading ophthalmology journals between January 2002 and December 2014. METHODS: Using the PubMed search engine, we conducted an observational study of trends in gender distribution of all authors in 6 leading ophthalmology journals between January 2002 and December 2014. In multiauthored articles, the first listed author often is the lead investigator and the last author is the senior author. Therefore, the full names and positions (first, middle, or last) of all authors in every article were collected. A Google-based name identifier was used to assign the gender of authors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of women authors throughout the study period in all journals, general ophthalmology versus subspecialty journals, and basic science versus clinical research journals. Furthermore, we assessed the proportion of women in different authorship positions (first, middle, and last). RESULTS: A total of 102 254 authors from 23 026 published articles were analyzed. There was a significant rise over time in the percentage of women authors, with a steeper slope for first authors than for last authors (P<0.001), although in 2014, women authors were less than the 50% mark in all categories of authorship. The rise in the percentage of women authors was similar in basic and clinical research, but was steeper for first authorship than for last authorship (P<0.001). In all 3 authorship positions (first, middle, or last), women's contributions consistently were higher in basic research publications. The rise in the percentage of women authors was significantly steeper for general journals than for subspecialty journals (P<0.001). There was no significant rise for last authorship in subspecialty journals. In all 3 authorship positions, the proportion of women was consistently higher in general ophthalmology journals than for subspecialty journals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an overall increase in the contribution of women to the field of ophthalmology, contributions to articles published in subspecialty ophthalmology journals and the proportion of women listed as last authors on overall articles published in ophthalmology journals are still low.
PURPOSE: To evaluate trends in the prevalence of women authors in ophthalmology in recent years. DESIGN: Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Authors listed in publications of 6 leading ophthalmology journals between January 2002 and December 2014. METHODS: Using the PubMed search engine, we conducted an observational study of trends in gender distribution of all authors in 6 leading ophthalmology journals between January 2002 and December 2014. In multiauthored articles, the first listed author often is the lead investigator and the last author is the senior author. Therefore, the full names and positions (first, middle, or last) of all authors in every article were collected. A Google-based name identifier was used to assign the gender of authors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of women authors throughout the study period in all journals, general ophthalmology versus subspecialty journals, and basic science versus clinical research journals. Furthermore, we assessed the proportion of women in different authorship positions (first, middle, and last). RESULTS: A total of 102 254 authors from 23 026 published articles were analyzed. There was a significant rise over time in the percentage of women authors, with a steeper slope for first authors than for last authors (P<0.001), although in 2014, women authors were less than the 50% mark in all categories of authorship. The rise in the percentage of women authors was similar in basic and clinical research, but was steeper for first authorship than for last authorship (P<0.001). In all 3 authorship positions (first, middle, or last), women's contributions consistently were higher in basic research publications. The rise in the percentage of women authors was significantly steeper for general journals than for subspecialty journals (P<0.001). There was no significant rise for last authorship in subspecialty journals. In all 3 authorship positions, the proportion of women was consistently higher in general ophthalmology journals than for subspecialty journals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an overall increase in the contribution of women to the field of ophthalmology, contributions to articles published in subspecialty ophthalmology journals and the proportion of women listed as last authors on overall articles published in ophthalmology journals are still low.
Authors: Austin E Wininger; James P Fischer; Elive F Likine; Andrew S Gudeman; Alexander R Brinker; Jonathan Ryu; Kevin A Maupin; Shatoria Lunsford; Elizabeth C Whipple; Randall T Loder; Melissa A Kacena Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 2017-09-06 Impact factor: 6.741
Authors: Izath Nizeet Aguilar; Venkateswaran Ganesh; Rachel Mannfeld; Riley Gorden; Jennifer M Hatch; Shatoria Lunsford; Elizabeth C Whipple; Randall T Loder; Melissa A Kacena Journal: Ann Biomed Eng Date: 2019-02-14 Impact factor: 3.934
Authors: Cherie A Fathy; Elliot Cherkas; Charlotte N Shields; Zeba A Syed; Julia A Haller; Qiang Ed Zhang; James Sharpe; Aakriti Garg Shukla Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2021-10-01 Impact factor: 8.253
Authors: Faisal Khan; Morgan M Sandelski; Jeffrey D Rytlewski; Jennifer Lamb; Christina Pedro; Michael B N Adjei; Shatoria Lunsford; James P Fischer; Austin E Wininger; Elizabeth C Whipple; Randall T Loder; Melissa A Kacena Journal: Bone Date: 2017-10-31 Impact factor: 4.398
Authors: Courtney A Penn; Jasmine A Ebott; Daniel B Larach; Ashley M Hesson; Jennifer F Waljee; Marilyn Green Larach Journal: Gynecol Oncol Rep Date: 2019-07-26
Authors: Kalla A Gervasio; Bonnie A Sklar; Anne X Nguyen; Albert Y Wu Journal: Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg Date: 2022 Mar-Apr 01 Impact factor: 1.746
Authors: Alexander W Peters; Michael K Savaglio; Zachary J Gunderson; Gremah Adam; Anthony J Milto; Elizabeth C Whipple; Randall T Loder; Melissa A Kacena Journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) Date: 2020-05-24