Roles of FGFR in oral carcinogenesis.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play essential roles in organ development during the embryonic period, and regulate tissue repair in adults. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in FGFR signalling are involved in diverse types of cancer. In this review, we focus on aberrant regulation of FGFRs in pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including altered expression and subcellular location, aberrant isoform splicing and mutations. We also provide an overview of oncogenic roles of each FGFR and its downstream signalling pathways in regulating OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Finally, we discuss potential application of FGFRs as anti-cancer targets in the preclinical environment and in clinical practice.