Weijian Feng1, Jin Li2, Suhong Han3, Jinfeng Tang1, Jie Yao1, Yuqing Cui4, Chuntang Wang5, Zhongcheng Chen6, Xiaoguang Li7, Xiuyi Zhi8. 1. Department of Oncology, Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China. 2. Department of Oncology, Shijiazhuang Pingan Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China. 3. Department of Oncology, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing 100054, China. 4. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Wujing No.2 Hospital, Beijing 100045, China. 5. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dezhou Cancer Hospital, Dezhou 253000, China. 6. Department of Oncology, Baicheng City Hospital, Baicheng 137000, China. 7. Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Union Hospital, Beijing 100005, China. 8. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become one of the local treatment for inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study observes effectiveness and safety of computed tomography (CT) guided RFA followed intratumoral chemotherapy (RFA-ITC). METHODS: From 2005 to 2015, our group perspectively enrolled inoperable early stage NSCLC underwent RFA-ITC duo to poor cardiopulmonary function or with other diseases or patient can't tolerate or reject surgery. RFA was performed by a directive apparatus assisted CT guided semi real-time and step-by-step puncture method, conformal umbrella-shaped electrode and single or multiple targets ablation. While the plan finished and CT showed normal lung tissue around the tumor present ground-glass opacity (GGO), the procedure ended, then 200 mg of carboplatinum were injected into the tumor via the electrode needle. Safety and effectiveness were evaluated by follow-up. RESULTS: Technical success rates of 125 RFA-ITC treatments of 110 patients were 100%. The median survival was 48.0 months, overall survival (OS) was 55.4 months, progression-free survival was 55.1 months, 1, 2, 3, 5-year OS rates were 100%, 90.7%, 62.7%, 21.9%, respectively. Survival of GGO presence or not was 68.3 months and 40.1 months, respectively (P=0.001). The survival rates of the N1 staging and tumor size was no significant difference. No perioperative deaths occurred, the main complications i.e. pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, fever, intraoperative chest pain, subcutaneous emphysema, intraoperative cough were slight and tolerable. CONCLUSIONS: CT guided RFA-ITC provides a good method for treatment of inoperable early stage NSCLC with better survival, less complication and small damage. .
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become one of the local treatment for inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study observes effectiveness and safety of computed tomography (CT) guided RFA followed intratumoral chemotherapy (RFA-ITC). METHODS: From 2005 to 2015, our group perspectively enrolled inoperable early stage NSCLC underwent RFA-ITC duo to poor cardiopulmonary function or with other diseases or patient can't tolerate or reject surgery. RFA was performed by a directive apparatus assisted CT guided semi real-time and step-by-step puncture method, conformal umbrella-shaped electrode and single or multiple targets ablation. While the plan finished and CT showed normal lung tissue around the tumor present ground-glass opacity (GGO), the procedure ended, then 200 mg of carboplatinum were injected into the tumor via the electrode needle. Safety and effectiveness were evaluated by follow-up. RESULTS: Technical success rates of 125 RFA-ITC treatments of 110 patients were 100%. The median survival was 48.0 months, overall survival (OS) was 55.4 months, progression-free survival was 55.1 months, 1, 2, 3, 5-year OS rates were 100%, 90.7%, 62.7%, 21.9%, respectively. Survival of GGO presence or not was 68.3 months and 40.1 months, respectively (P=0.001). The survival rates of the N1 staging and tumor size was no significant difference. No perioperative deaths occurred, the main complications i.e. pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, fever, intraoperative chest pain, subcutaneous emphysema, intraoperative cough were slight and tolerable. CONCLUSIONS:CT guided RFA-ITC provides a good method for treatment of inoperable early stage NSCLC with better survival, less complication and small damage. .
A directive apparatus assisted CT guided puncture method: overlap the CT laser light with puncture needle, CT scan shows an extension cord or shadow tail of needle through the target (lower left), then puncture to the depths rapidly to targeting the lesion. CT: computed tomography
导向器辅助的CT引导穿刺:将CT激光定位线与导向器支撑的穿刺针完全重合,CT扫描可见穿刺针的延长线或者尾影通过靶点(左下图),迅速穿刺至相应深度,即可命中靶点A directive apparatus assisted CT guided puncture method: overlap the CT laser light with puncture needle, CT scan shows an extension cord or shadow tail of needle through the target (lower left), then puncture to the depths rapidly to targeting the lesion. CT: computed tomography
Umbrella-shaped conformal RFA electrode: fine needles can release respectively with injection and the real-time temperature measuring at the tip of needles
1
消融计划:肿瘤直径、靶点数量、靶点位置与维持90 ℃所需消融时间(min)
Ablation plans: Tumor diameter, number of targets, target position and the ablation time at 90 ℃ (min)
Tumor diameters (mm)
No of target
Target position
Release length of fine electrode needles near to tumor margin (mm)
10
20
30
40
50
-
*Planned tumor volume (PTV): While ablation plan completed, the procedure would be finished if changes of normal lung tissues around the tumor present ground-glass opacity (GGO).
d < 20
Single
Centre
5
10
GGO*
-
-
-
20≤d < 30
Single
Centre
5
5
10
GGO*
-
-
30≤d < 40
Single
Centre
5
5
5
10
GGO*
-
40≤d < 50
double
15 mm interval
5
5
5
5
10
GGO*
d≥50
≥Triple
15 mm interval
5
5
5
5
10
GGO*
伞状适形射频消融电极针:子针可以两组分别释放并带有注药功能,主针和子针尖端实时测温Umbrella-shaped conformal RFA electrode: fine needles can release respectively with injection and the real-time temperature measuring at the tip of needles消融计划:肿瘤直径、靶点数量、靶点位置与维持90 ℃所需消融时间(min)Ablation plans: Tumor diameter, number of targets, target position and the ablation time at 90 ℃ (min)
肿瘤内注射化疗
消融结束后,待靶区温度降至60 ℃以下时,经消融电极针将溶于1 mL 5%葡萄糖注射液的卡铂200 mg,通过射频消融电极针的注射孔,一边回收子针一边缓慢注射到肿瘤内。最后回收子电极,针道消融同时拔针,包扎穿刺点。再次CT扫描,观察病灶变化、药物的分布和有无气胸、出血等并发症发生。
A 80-year-old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma (A), after first RFA (B), a residual was found near blood vessels, than second additional RFA was performed. PET shows disappearance of tumor metabolism and no tumor cells by biopsy 3 months passed (C), tumors disappeared and shrinked into a small local scarring cavity after five years (D), now the patient has surviving over 10 years
肿瘤的射频消融及周围的肺组织GGO形成的变化过程:A:射频消融;B:手术结束即刻;C:术后24 h;D:术后12个月Post RFA changes of tumor and GGO presence of normal lung tissues around the tumor. A: RFA; B: immediate; C: 24 h; D: 12 months男性80岁肺腺癌(A)患者,射频消融(B)术后复查近血管处仍有残留,追加第2次射频消融,3个月后复查PET肿瘤代谢消失,活检无肿瘤细胞(C),5年后肿瘤消失(D),局部形成瘢痕化空腔,至今存活10年A 80-year-old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma (A), after first RFA (B), a residual was found near blood vessels, than second additional RFA was performed. PET shows disappearance of tumor metabolism and no tumor cells by biopsy 3 months passed (C), tumors disappeared and shrinked into a small local scarring cavity after five years (D), now the patient has surviving over 10 years治疗后1个月复查强化CT,完全消融率为89.1%(98/110),部分消融为10.9%(12/110),无疾病进展。其中,肿瘤≤3 cm(Ⅰa期)55例中,完全消融54例(98.2%);肿瘤3.1 cm-5 cm(Ⅰb期)38例中,完全消融34例(89.5%);肿瘤5.1 cm-7 cm(Ⅱ期)19例中,完全消融9例(47.3%)。
Kaplan-Meier survival curve. A: PSF and OS (59.0 months vs 55.4 months); B: Average survival of tumor ≤30 mm, 31 mm-50 mm, ≥51 mm (46.7 months vs 59.8 months vs 44.4 months, P=0.711); C: Ground-glass opacity (GGO) appearance had or not after RFA (68.3 months vs 40.1 months, P=0.001); D: comparison of survival between lymph node metastasis N1 no or yes (65.2 vs 53.8 months, P=0.504)
生存曲线。A:无进展生存与总生存曲线(55.1个月vs 55.4个月);B:肿瘤≤30 mm、31 mm-50 mm、≥51 mm的平均生存期的比较(46.7个月vs 59.8个月vs 44.4个月,P=0.711);C:射频消融后磨玻璃样改变的生存期的比较(68.3个月vs 40.1个月,P=0.001);D:无N1淋巴结转移和有N1淋巴结转移患者的生存期的比较(65.2个月vs 53.8个月,P=0.504)Kaplan-Meier survival curve. A: PSF and OS (59.0 months vs 55.4 months); B: Average survival of tumor ≤30 mm, 31 mm-50 mm, ≥51 mm (46.7 months vs 59.8 months vs 44.4 months, P=0.711); C: Ground-glass opacity (GGO) appearance had or not after RFA (68.3 months vs 40.1 months, P=0.001); D: comparison of survival between lymph node metastasis N1 no or yes (65.2 vs 53.8 months, P=0.504)比较肿瘤≤30 mm、31 mm-50 mm、≥51 mm的三组间的生存期分别为46.7个月vs 59.8个月vs 44.4个月,差异无统计学意义(P=0.711)(图 5B)。消融治疗后出现与未出现磨玻璃样改变的生存期的分别是68.3个月vs 40.1个月,组间有统计学差异(P=0.001)(图 5C)。无N1淋巴结转移和有N1淋巴结转移病例的生存期分别是65.2个月和53.8个月,组间无统计学差异(P=0.504)(图 5D)。
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