Nitesh D Kuhadiya1, Sandeep Dhindsa2, Husam Ghanim1, Aditya Mehta1, Antoine Makdissi1, Manav Batra1, Sartaj Sandhu1, Jeanne Hejna1, Kelly Green1, Natalie Bellini1, Min Yang3, Ajay Chaudhuri1, Paresh Dandona4. 1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. 2. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX. 3. Department of Family Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. 4. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY pdandona@kaleidahealth.org.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether addition of three different doses of liraglutide to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in significant reduction in glycemia, body weight, and insulin dose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We randomized 72 patients (placebo = 18, liraglutide = 54) with T1D to receiveplacebo and 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mg liraglutide daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS: In the 1.2-mg and 1.8-mg groups, the mean weekly reduction in average blood glucose was -0.55 ± 0.11 mmol/L (10 ± 2 mg/dL) and -0.55 ± 0.05 mmol/L (10 ± 1 mg/dL), respectively (P < 0.0001), while it remained unchanged in the 0.6-mg and placebo groups. In the 1.2-mg group, HbA1c fell significantly (-0.78 ± 15%, -8.5 ± 1.6 mmol/mol, P < 0.01), while it did not in the 1.8-mg group (-0.42 ± 0.15%, -4.6 ± 1.6 mmol/mol, P = 0.39) and 0.6-mg group (-0.26 ± 0.17%, -2.8 ± 1.9 mmol/mol, P = 0.81) vs. the placebo group (-0.3 ± 0.15%, -3.3 ± 1.6 mmol/mol). Glycemic variability was reduced by 5 ± 1% (P < 0.01) in the 1.2-mg group only. Total daily insulin dose fell significantly only in the 1.2-mg and 1.8-mg groups (P < 0.05). There was a 5 ± 1 kg weight loss in the two higher-dose groups (P < 0.05) and by 2.7 ± 0.6 kg (P < 0.01) in the 0.6-mg group vs. none in the placebo group. In the 1.2- and 1.8-mg groups, postprandial plasma glucagon concentration fell by 72 ± 12% and 47 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05). Liraglutide led to higher gastrointestinal adverse events (P < 0.05) and ≤1% increases (not significant) in percent time spent in hypoglycemia (<55 mg/dL, 3.05 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of 1.2 mg and 1.8 mg liraglutide to insulin over a 12-week period in overweight and obese patients with T1D results in modest reductions of weekly mean glucose levels with significant weight loss, small insulin dose reductions, and frequent gastrointestinal side effects. These findings do not justify the use of liraglutide in all patients with T1D.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether addition of three different doses of liraglutide to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in significant reduction in glycemia, body weight, and insulin dose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We randomized 72 patients (placebo = 18, liraglutide = 54) with T1D to receive placebo and 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mg liraglutide daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS: In the 1.2-mg and 1.8-mg groups, the mean weekly reduction in average blood glucose was -0.55 ± 0.11 mmol/L (10 ± 2 mg/dL) and -0.55 ± 0.05 mmol/L (10 ± 1 mg/dL), respectively (P < 0.0001), while it remained unchanged in the 0.6-mg and placebo groups. In the 1.2-mg group, HbA1c fell significantly (-0.78 ± 15%, -8.5 ± 1.6 mmol/mol, P < 0.01), while it did not in the 1.8-mg group (-0.42 ± 0.15%, -4.6 ± 1.6 mmol/mol, P = 0.39) and 0.6-mg group (-0.26 ± 0.17%, -2.8 ± 1.9 mmol/mol, P = 0.81) vs. the placebo group (-0.3 ± 0.15%, -3.3 ± 1.6 mmol/mol). Glycemic variability was reduced by 5 ± 1% (P < 0.01) in the 1.2-mg group only. Total daily insulin dose fell significantly only in the 1.2-mg and 1.8-mg groups (P < 0.05). There was a 5 ± 1 kg weight loss in the two higher-dose groups (P < 0.05) and by 2.7 ± 0.6 kg (P < 0.01) in the 0.6-mg group vs. none in the placebo group. In the 1.2- and 1.8-mg groups, postprandial plasma glucagon concentration fell by 72 ± 12% and 47 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05). Liraglutide led to higher gastrointestinal adverse events (P < 0.05) and ≤1% increases (not significant) in percent time spent in hypoglycemia (<55 mg/dL, 3.05 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of 1.2 mg and 1.8 mg liraglutide to insulin over a 12-week period in overweight and obesepatients with T1D results in modest reductions of weekly mean glucose levels with significant weight loss, small insulin dose reductions, and frequent gastrointestinal side effects. These findings do not justify the use of liraglutide in all patients with T1D.
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