Sivakumar Gopalakrishanan1, Mg Ramesh Babu2, Rajesh Thangarajan3, Dhiren Punja4, Vidyadhara Devarunda Jaganath5, Akriti B Kanth6, Mohandas Rao7, Kiranmai S Rai8. 1. Senior Grade Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , India . 2. Senior Grade Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India . 3. Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India . 4. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , India . 5. Research Scholar, Department of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS , India . 6. Student, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal, India . 7. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India . 8. Professor, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India .
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A popular rat model for hypoperfusion ischemic brain injury is bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO surgery when performed in varying geographical locations and during different seasons of the year is reported to have variable mortality rates. Studies have also documented the diminishing influence of Ketamine-Xylazine (KT-XY) on thermoregulatory functions in rodents. AIM: To explore the impact of seasonal variant temperatures and laboratory room ambient temperatures on mortality of rats following BCCAO surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study has two parts: 1 The first part is an analysis of a three year retrospective data to explore the association between the geographical season (hot summer and cold winter) induced laboratory room ambient temperature variations and the mortality rate in KT-XY anaesthetized BCCAO rats. 2. The second part investigated the effect of conditioned laboratory room ambient temperature (CAT) (23-25(0)C) in KT-XY anaesthetized BCCAO group of rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups(n =8/group) as-Normal control, BCCAO and Sham BCCAO where they were all exposed to unconditioned ambient temperature (UCAT) during their surgery and postoperative care. And finally fourth group rats exposed to CAT during the BCCAO surgery and postoperative care. RESULTS: Pearson's chi-square test indicates a significantly high association (p<0.006) between post-BCCAO mortality and hot season of the year. CAT during the hot season reduced the mortality rate (24% less) in post- BCCAO rats compared to the rats of UCAT. CONCLUSION: Despite seasonal variations in temperature, conditioning the laboratory room ambient temperatures to 23-25(0)C, induces hypothermia in KT-XY anaesthetized ischemic brain injured rodents and improves their survival rate.
INTRODUCTION: A popular rat model for hypoperfusion ischemic brain injury is bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO surgery when performed in varying geographical locations and during different seasons of the year is reported to have variable mortality rates. Studies have also documented the diminishing influence of Ketamine-Xylazine (KT-XY) on thermoregulatory functions in rodents. AIM: To explore the impact of seasonal variant temperatures and laboratory room ambient temperatures on mortality of rats following BCCAO surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study has two parts: 1 The first part is an analysis of a three year retrospective data to explore the association between the geographical season (hot summer and cold winter) induced laboratory room ambient temperature variations and the mortality rate in KT-XY anaesthetized BCCAO rats. 2. The second part investigated the effect of conditioned laboratory room ambient temperature (CAT) (23-25(0)C) in KT-XY anaesthetized BCCAO group of rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups(n =8/group) as-Normal control, BCCAO and Sham BCCAO where they were all exposed to unconditioned ambient temperature (UCAT) during their surgery and postoperative care. And finally fourth group rats exposed to CAT during the BCCAO surgery and postoperative care. RESULTS: Pearson's chi-square test indicates a significantly high association (p<0.006) between post-BCCAO mortality and hot season of the year. CAT during the hot season reduced the mortality rate (24% less) in post- BCCAO rats compared to the rats of UCAT. CONCLUSION: Despite seasonal variations in temperature, conditioning the laboratory room ambient temperatures to 23-25(0)C, induces hypothermia in KT-XY anaesthetized ischemic brain injured rodents and improves their survival rate.
Authors: Ralph L Sacco; Scott E Kasner; Joseph P Broderick; Louis R Caplan; J J Buddy Connors; Antonio Culebras; Mitchell S V Elkind; Mary G George; Allen D Hamdan; Randall T Higashida; Brian L Hoh; L Scott Janis; Carlos S Kase; Dawn O Kleindorfer; Jin-Moo Lee; Michael E Moseley; Eric D Peterson; Tanya N Turan; Amy L Valderrama; Harry V Vinters Journal: Stroke Date: 2013-05-07 Impact factor: 7.914