Andreas Stomby1, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk2, Anders Lundquist3, Annelie Nordin4, Lars-Göran Nilsson5, Rolf Adolfsson4, Lars Nyberg6, Tommy Olsson7. 1. Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineMedicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Region Jönköping CountyJönköping, Sweden andreas.stomby@umu.se. 2. CEDAR, Center for Demographic and Aging ResearchUmeå University, Umeå, Sweden Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 3. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 4. Department of Clinical Sciences, PsychiatryUmeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 5. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Department of PsychologyStockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Integrative Medical Biology, PhysiologyUmeå University, Umeå, Sweden Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic RadiologyUmeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 7. Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineMedicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Elevated cortisol levels with aging have been associated with atrophy of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as with impaired cognitive functions in men. However, coexisting diseases have confounded many studies examining these relationships. Studies in women are lacking. Our objective was to test whether salivary cortisol levels were related to morphology of the hippocampus and the PFC, and to cognitive performance. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study including 200 elderly (55-80 years old) men and women. METHOD: We used magnetic resonance imaging, tests of episodic-, semantic-, and working memory, visuospatial ability, and cortisol levels in four saliva samples collected during 1 day. RESULTS: Area under the curve (AUC) for cortisol levels was negatively related to cortical surface area of the left anterior cingulate gyrus (caudal P<0.001; rostral P=0.006), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (P=0.004), and right rostral middle frontal gyrus (P=0.003). In women, there was also a negative relationship with cortical surface area in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (P=0.006). No relationship was found between cortisol levels and hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the structure of the medial PFC is related to cortisol levels in both elderly women and men.
OBJECTIVE: Elevated cortisol levels with aging have been associated with atrophy of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as with impaired cognitive functions in men. However, coexisting diseases have confounded many studies examining these relationships. Studies in women are lacking. Our objective was to test whether salivary cortisol levels were related to morphology of the hippocampus and the PFC, and to cognitive performance. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study including 200 elderly (55-80 years old) men and women. METHOD: We used magnetic resonance imaging, tests of episodic-, semantic-, and working memory, visuospatial ability, and cortisol levels in four saliva samples collected during 1 day. RESULTS: Area under the curve (AUC) for cortisol levels was negatively related to cortical surface area of the left anterior cingulate gyrus (caudal P<0.001; rostral P=0.006), right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (P=0.004), and right rostral middle frontal gyrus (P=0.003). In women, there was also a negative relationship with cortical surface area in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (P=0.006). No relationship was found between cortisol levels and hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the structure of the medial PFC is related to cortisol levels in both elderly women and men.
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