Xiaojing Yuan1, Huikun Liu2, Leishen Wang2, Shuang Zhang2, Cuiping Zhang2, Junhong Leng2, Ling Dong2, Li Lv2, Fengjun Lv2, Huiguang Tian2, Lu Qi3, Jaakko Tuomilehto4, Gang Hu5. 1. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. 2. Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria; Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait. 5. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Electronic address: gang.hu@pbrc.edu.
Abstract
AIMS: We aimed to examine the association of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with type 2 diabetes risk among women with a history of gestational diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study among 1261 women who had a history of gestational diabetes at 1-5years after delivery in Tianjin, China. Logistic regression or Cox regression was used to assess the associations of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes risks. RESULTS: Gestational diabetic women who had a history of gestational hypertension but did not use antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy had a 3.94-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.94-8.02) of developing type 2 diabetes compared with those who were normotensive in index pregnancy. Compared with gestational diabetic women who had normal blood pressure at the inter-conception examination, hypertensive women at the inter-conception examination were 3.38 times (95% CI: 1.66-6.87) and 2.97 times (95% CI: 1.75-5.05) more likely to develop diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. The odds ratios of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes associated with each 5mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03-1.51) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06-1.35). Each 5mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure contributed to a 1.49-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.18-1.88) for type 2 diabetes and a 1.42-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.22-1.65) for prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS: For women with prior gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination were risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
AIMS: We aimed to examine the association of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with type 2 diabetes risk among women with a history of gestational diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study among 1261 women who had a history of gestational diabetes at 1-5years after delivery in Tianjin, China. Logistic regression or Cox regression was used to assess the associations of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes risks. RESULTS:Gestational diabeticwomen who had a history of gestational hypertension but did not use antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy had a 3.94-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.94-8.02) of developing type 2 diabetes compared with those who were normotensive in index pregnancy. Compared with gestational diabeticwomen who had normal blood pressure at the inter-conception examination, hypertensivewomen at the inter-conception examination were 3.38 times (95% CI: 1.66-6.87) and 2.97 times (95% CI: 1.75-5.05) more likely to develop diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. The odds ratios of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes associated with each 5mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03-1.51) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06-1.35). Each 5mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure contributed to a 1.49-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.18-1.88) for type 2 diabetes and a 1.42-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.22-1.65) for prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS: For women with prior gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination were risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
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