Immobilised cells of Pachysolen tannophilus yeast for ethanol production from crude glycerol.

Screening among naturally occurring yeast strains of Pachysolen spp. that are capable of producing ethanol from glycerol under aerobic conditions identified the most active culture, P. tannophilus Y -475. Conversion of glycerol by this producer immobilised in poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel resulted in a 90% yield of ethanol relative to the theoretical limit. The maximum rate of alcohol accumulation was 0.64±0.01gL-1h-1 at a 25gL-1 concentration of glycerol in the culture medium. We demonstrated the efficacy of reusing immobilised cells (for a minimum of 16 working cycles for batch mode of crude glycerol conversion to ethanol) and the possibility of long-term (for a minimum of 140h) use of the cells in continuous mode with a maximum process productivity of 0.63±0.02gL-1h-1, while the medium dilution rate in the reactor was 0.062±0.001h-1. Reduction of metabolic activity did not exceed 5-7% relative to baseline. Immobilised cells were demonstrated to withstand long-term storage in frozen form for at least 2 years while retaining high metabolic activity.