Dimitrios Alexopoulos1, Maria Anastasiou-Nana2, Moses S Elisaf3, Evangelos Liberopoulos3, Loukianos S Rallidis2, Constantinos H Davos4, Alexandros Moulis5, Nikos Nikas5, Evangelos Zacharis6, Panos Vardas6. 1. Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Electronic address: dalex@med.upatras.gr. 2. Department of Cardiology, "Attikon" University Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, , University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. 4. Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. 5. Medical Department, AstraZeneca SA, Athens, Greece. 6. Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prior studies conducted in Greece consistently indicate that dyslipidemia is suboptimally managed, while the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related risk factors is rising. METHODS: CHALLENGE was a multicenter, cross-sectional study carried out following the publication of guidelines advocating stricter low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets. It primarily aimed to depict LDL-C target attainment, and to assess the cardiovascular risk status and quality of life (QoL) of patients treated in a primary or secondary CVD prevention setting who had received any medical intervention for cardiovascular risk modification within 6months of enrollment. RESULTS: Between December 2012 and April 2013, 500 patients (55% males) aged (mean±SD) 62.0±11.7years, participated in the study. Cardiovascular risk according to the 2011 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) guidelines was 'very high', 'high', and 'moderate' in 61.2%, 23.4%, and 15.4%, respectively. Overall, 92.0% of patients were on lipid-lowering treatment, yet only 23.3% had attained their ESC/EAS-defined LDL-C target. LDL-C target attainment was more likely among 'moderate' versus 'very high' cardiovascular risk patients (odds ratio: 4.04; 95% confidence interval: 2.32-7.06; p<0.001). QoL improved as cardiovascular risk decreased (EQ-VAS 71.8±16.2 in the 'very high' versus 78.3±15.1 and 80.3±15.7 in the 'high' and 'moderate' risk groups; p<0.001). Time constraints and difficulties in implementation in daily practice were the investigator's main barriers for guideline utilization. CONCLUSIONS: During contemporary management of dyslipidemia in Greece, LDL-C target attainment is suboptimal. There is an undoubted need for improvement and implementation of cardiovascular risk assessment in routine clinical practice.
BACKGROUND: Prior studies conducted in Greece consistently indicate that dyslipidemia is suboptimally managed, while the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related risk factors is rising. METHODS: CHALLENGE was a multicenter, cross-sectional study carried out following the publication of guidelines advocating stricter low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets. It primarily aimed to depict LDL-C target attainment, and to assess the cardiovascular risk status and quality of life (QoL) of patients treated in a primary or secondary CVD prevention setting who had received any medical intervention for cardiovascular risk modification within 6months of enrollment. RESULTS: Between December 2012 and April 2013, 500 patients (55% males) aged (mean±SD) 62.0±11.7years, participated in the study. Cardiovascular risk according to the 2011 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) guidelines was 'very high', 'high', and 'moderate' in 61.2%, 23.4%, and 15.4%, respectively. Overall, 92.0% of patients were on lipid-lowering treatment, yet only 23.3% had attained their ESC/EAS-defined LDL-C target. LDL-C target attainment was more likely among 'moderate' versus 'very high' cardiovascular risk patients (odds ratio: 4.04; 95% confidence interval: 2.32-7.06; p<0.001). QoL improved as cardiovascular risk decreased (EQ-VAS 71.8±16.2 in the 'very high' versus 78.3±15.1 and 80.3±15.7 in the 'high' and 'moderate' risk groups; p<0.001). Time constraints and difficulties in implementation in daily practice were the investigator's main barriers for guideline utilization. CONCLUSIONS: During contemporary management of dyslipidemia in Greece, LDL-C target attainment is suboptimal. There is an undoubted need for improvement and implementation of cardiovascular risk assessment in routine clinical practice.
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