OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of unhealthy behaviors in the relationship between chronic stress and significant depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity among older adults. METHOD: Participant data from the 2006 to 2008 Health and Retirement Study were analyzed. Unhealthy behaviors included current smoking, excessive/binge drinking, and obesity. Chronic stress was defined by nine previously used factors. The eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale measured depressive symptoms, where ≥4 symptoms defined significant. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the effects of chronic stress and unhealthy behaviors in 2006 on depressive symptoms in 2008. RESULTS: A higher chronic stress index score predicted depressive symptoms in 2008 among African Americans, Latinos, and Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.48, 2.15]; aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.15, 2.05]; and aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = [1.26, 1.56], respectively). Unhealthy behaviors moderated this relationship among Latinos (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.02, 2.33]). DISCUSSION: Unhealthy behaviors were not effective coping mechanisms for chronic stress in terms of preventing significant depressive symptoms. Instead, they strengthened the relationship between chronic stress and significant depressive symptoms among Latinos.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of unhealthy behaviors in the relationship between chronic stress and significant depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity among older adults. METHOD:Participant data from the 2006 to 2008 Health and Retirement Study were analyzed. Unhealthy behaviors included current smoking, excessive/binge drinking, and obesity. Chronic stress was defined by nine previously used factors. The eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale measured depressive symptoms, where ≥4 symptoms defined significant. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the effects of chronic stress and unhealthy behaviors in 2006 on depressive symptoms in 2008. RESULTS: A higher chronic stress index score predicted depressive symptoms in 2008 among African Americans, Latinos, and Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.48, 2.15]; aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.15, 2.05]; and aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = [1.26, 1.56], respectively). Unhealthy behaviors moderated this relationship among Latinos (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = [1.02, 2.33]). DISCUSSION: Unhealthy behaviors were not effective coping mechanisms for chronic stress in terms of preventing significant depressive symptoms. Instead, they strengthened the relationship between chronic stress and significant depressive symptoms among Latinos.
Authors: Mary F Dallman; Susan F Akana; Kevin D Laugero; Francisca Gomez; Sotara Manalo; M E Bell; Seema Bhatnagar Journal: Physiol Behav Date: 2003-06
Authors: G F Koob; A J Roberts; G Schulteis; L H Parsons; C J Heyser; P Hyytiä; E Merlo-Pich; F Weiss Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 1998-02 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Erik J Rodriquez; Melanie Sabado-Liwag; Eliseo J Pérez-Stable; Anne Lee; Mary N Haan; Steven E Gregorich; James S Jackson; Anna M Nápoles Journal: J Aging Health Date: 2019-06-22
Authors: Erik J Rodriquez; Jennifer Livaudais-Toman; Steven E Gregorich; James S Jackson; Anna M Nápoles; Eliseo J Pérez-Stable Journal: Prev Med Date: 2018-02-05 Impact factor: 4.018
Authors: Chirag M Vyas; Charles F Reynolds; Macarius Donneyong; David Mischoulon; Grace Chang; Nancy R Cook; JoAnn E Manson; Olivia I Okereke Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2021-11-27 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Darlene Lu; Julie R Palmer; Lynn Rosenberg; Alexandra E Shields; Esther H Orr; Immaculata DeVivo; Yvette C Cozier Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2019-06-21 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Andrew Boateng-Poku; Chelsie E Benca-Bachman; Dalora D Najera; Keith E Whitfield; Janiece L Taylor; Roland J Thorpe; Rohan H C Palmer Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Astrid Suchy-Dicey; Steven P Verney; Lonnie A Nelson; Celestina Barbosa-Leiker; Barbara A Howard; Paul K Crane; Dedra S Buchwald Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2020-04-06 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: John R Pamplin; Katrina L Kezios; Eleanor Hayes-Larson; Katherine M Keyes; Ezra S Susser; Pam Factor-Litvak; Bruce G Link; Lisa M Bates Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2021-03-22 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: Courtney S Thomas Tobin; Christy L Erving; Taylor W Hargrove; Lacee A Satcher Journal: Aging Ment Health Date: 2020-12-09 Impact factor: 3.658