Sarah Weckhuysen1,2,3,4,5, Elise Marsan1,2,3,4, Virginie Lambrecq1,2,3,4,5, Cécile Marchal6, Mélanie Morin-Brureau1,2,3,4, Isabelle An-Gourfinkel1,5, Michel Baulac1,2,3,4,5, Martine Fohlen7, Christine Kallay Zetchi8, Margitta Seeck8, Pierre de la Grange9, Bart Dermaut10,11, Alfred Meurs12, Pierre Thomas13, Francine Chassoux14, Eric Leguern1,2,3,4,15, Fabienne Picard8, Stéphanie Baulac1,2,3,4,15. 1. INSERM, U1127, ICM, Paris, France. 2. CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France. 3. Sorbonne Universités, UMR S 1127, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. 4. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France. 5. Centre de référence épilepsies rares, Epilepsy unit, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. 6. CHU de Bordeaux, service d'épileptologie, Bordeaux, France. 7. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rothschild Foundation, Paris, France. 8. Department of Neurology, University Hospitals (HUG) and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 9. Genosplice Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France. 10. Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. 11. Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France. 12. Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. 13. Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France. 14. Centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. 15. Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The discovery of mutations in DEPDC5 in familial focal epilepsies has introduced a novel pathomechanism to a field so far dominated by ion channelopathies. DEPDC5 is part of a complex named GAP activity toward RAGs (GATOR) complex 1 (GATOR1), together with the proteins NPRL2 and NPRL3, and acts to inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. GATOR1 is in turn inhibited by the GATOR2 complex. The mTORC1 pathway is a major signaling cascade regulating cell growth, proliferation, and migration. We aimed to study the contribution of GATOR complex genes to the etiology of focal epilepsies and to describe the associated phenotypical spectrum. METHODS: We performed targeted sequencing of the genes encoding the components of the GATOR1 (DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3) and GATOR2 (MIOS, SEC13, SEH1L, WDR24, and WDR59) complex in 93 European probands with focal epilepsy with or without focal cortical dysplasia. Phospho-S6 immunoreactivity was used as evidence of mTORC1 pathway activation in resected brain tissue of patients carrying pathogenic variants. RESULTS: We identified four pathogenic variants in DEPDC5, two in NPRL2, and one in NPRL3. We showed hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway in brain tissue from patients with NPRL2 and NPRL3 mutations. Collectively, inactivating mutations in GATOR1 complex genes explained 11% of cases of focal epilepsy, whereas no pathogenic mutations were found in GATOR2 complex genes. GATOR1-related focal epilepsies differ clinically from focal epilepsies due to mutations in ion channel genes by their association with focal cortical dysplasia and seizures emerging from variable foci, and might confer an increased risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SIGNIFICANCE: GATOR1 complex gene mutations leading to mTORC1 pathway upregulation is an important cause of focal epilepsy with cortical malformations and represents a potential target for novel therapeutic approaches. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OBJECTIVE: The discovery of mutations in DEPDC5 in familial focal epilepsies has introduced a novel pathomechanism to a field so far dominated by ion channelopathies. DEPDC5 is part of a complex named GAP activity toward RAGs (GATOR) complex 1 (GATOR1), together with the proteins NPRL2 and NPRL3, and acts to inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. GATOR1 is in turn inhibited by the GATOR2 complex. The mTORC1 pathway is a major signaling cascade regulating cell growth, proliferation, and migration. We aimed to study the contribution of GATOR complex genes to the etiology of focal epilepsies and to describe the associated phenotypical spectrum. METHODS: We performed targeted sequencing of the genes encoding the components of the GATOR1 (DEPDC5, NPRL2, and NPRL3) and GATOR2 (MIOS, SEC13, SEH1L, WDR24, and WDR59) complex in 93 European probands with focal epilepsy with or without focal cortical dysplasia. Phospho-S6 immunoreactivity was used as evidence of mTORC1 pathway activation in resected brain tissue of patients carrying pathogenic variants. RESULTS: We identified four pathogenic variants in DEPDC5, two in NPRL2, and one in NPRL3. We showed hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway in brain tissue from patients with NPRL2 and NPRL3 mutations. Collectively, inactivating mutations in GATOR1 complex genes explained 11% of cases of focal epilepsy, whereas no pathogenic mutations were found in GATOR2 complex genes. GATOR1-related focal epilepsies differ clinically from focal epilepsies due to mutations in ion channel genes by their association with focal cortical dysplasia and seizures emerging from variable foci, and might confer an increased risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SIGNIFICANCE: GATOR1 complex gene mutations leading to mTORC1 pathway upregulation is an important cause of focal epilepsy with cortical malformations and represents a potential target for novel therapeutic approaches. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Authors: Christopher J Yuskaitis; Brandon M Jones; Rachel L Wolfson; Chloe E Super; Sameer C Dhamne; Alexander Rotenberg; David M Sabatini; Mustafa Sahin; Annapurna Poduri Journal: Neurobiol Dis Date: 2017-12-20 Impact factor: 5.996
Authors: Shai Shrot; Misun Hwang; Carl E Stafstrom; Thierry A G M Huisman; Bruno P Soares Journal: Neuroradiology Date: 2017-12-26 Impact factor: 2.804
Authors: Melodie R Winawer; Nicole G Griffin; Jorge Samanamud; Evan H Baugh; Dinesh Rathakrishnan; Senthilmurugan Ramalingam; David Zagzag; Catherine A Schevon; Patricia Dugan; Manu Hegde; Sameer A Sheth; Guy M McKhann; Werner K Doyle; Gerald A Grant; Brenda E Porter; Mohamad A Mikati; Carrie R Muh; Colin D Malone; Ann Marie R Bergin; Jurriaan M Peters; Danielle K McBrian; Alison M Pack; Cigdem I Akman; Christopher M LaCoursiere; Katherine M Keever; Joseph R Madsen; Edward Yang; Hart G W Lidov; Catherine Shain; Andrew S Allen; Peter D Canoll; Peter B Crino; Annapurna H Poduri; Erin L Heinzen Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2018-05-16 Impact factor: 10.422