Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for management of autoimmune encephalopathies.

INTRODUCTION: The understanding of the etio-pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalopathy syndromes has grown significantly in recent years. These are potentially reversible conditions, with variable clinical presentation and potential dramatic response to immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED: In this article we review various diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options for management of autoimmune encephalopathy. We also review medication adverse effects and monitoring strategies. Expert commentary: Early diagnosis and immunomodulatory treatment remains the cornerstone of management, to halt the underlying neuro-inflammatory process and prevent permanent neuronal injury. The availability of serological testing and various imaging modalities has further improved detection of these immune-mediated neurological disorders. Understanding the mechanisms and potential adverse effects of immunomodulatory therapies will help physicians to choose the most favorable therapeutic strategy for each patient.