Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury: Post-Renal Acute Kidney Injury.

The incidence of acute kidney injury related to urinary tract obstruction is low (1-10%). It occurs in bilateral renal or lower urinary tract obstruction or in ureter obstruction in patients with a single functioning kidney or with pre-existing chronic kidney disease. The etiology and the incidence of obstruction vary on the basis of age and gender. Conventional ultrasound has a high sensitivity (>95%), but low specificity (<70%) in the diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction. Nevertheless, color Doppler is used through the evaluation of renal resistive indexes, ureteral jet and twinkling artifact.