PURPOSE: To investigate gender differences in the evolution of the inflammatory process in rats subjected to brain death (BD). METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: female; ovariectomized female; and male rats. BD was induced using intracranial balloon inflation and confirmed by maximal pupil dilatation, apnea, absence of reflex, and drop of mean arterial pressure. Six hours after BD, histological evaluation was performed in lungs, heart, liver and kidneys, and levels of inflammatory proteins, estrogen, progesterone, and corticosterone were determined in plasma. RESULTS: In the lungs, females presented more leukocyte infiltration compared to males (p<0.01). Ovariectomized female rat lungs were more hemorrhagic compared to other groups (p<0.001). In the heart, females had higher leukocyte infiltration and tissue edema compared to males (p<0.05). In the liver and kidneys, there were no differences among groups. In female group estradiol and progesterone were sharply reduced 6 hours after BD (p<0.001) to values observed in ovariectomized females and males. Corticosterone levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Sex hormones influence the development of inflammation and the status of organs. The increased inflammation in lungs and heart of female rats might be associated with the acute reduction in female hormones triggered by BD.
PURPOSE: To investigate gender differences in the evolution of the inflammatory process in rats subjected to brain death (BD). METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: female; ovariectomized female; and male rats. BD was induced using intracranial balloon inflation and confirmed by maximal pupil dilatation, apnea, absence of reflex, and drop of mean arterial pressure. Six hours after BD, histological evaluation was performed in lungs, heart, liver and kidneys, and levels of inflammatory proteins, estrogen, progesterone, and corticosterone were determined in plasma. RESULTS: In the lungs, females presented more leukocyte infiltration compared to males (p<0.01). Ovariectomized female rat lungs were more hemorrhagic compared to other groups (p<0.001). In the heart, females had higher leukocyte infiltration and tissue edema compared to males (p<0.05). In the liver and kidneys, there were no differences among groups. In female group estradiol and progesterone were sharply reduced 6 hours after BD (p<0.001) to values observed in ovariectomized females and males. Corticosterone levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Sex hormones influence the development of inflammation and the status of organs. The increased inflammation in lungs and heart of female rats might be associated with the acute reduction in female hormones triggered by BD.
Authors: Fernanda Yamamoto Ricardo-da-Silva; Roberto Armstrong-Jr; Marina Vidal-Dos-Santos; Cristiano de Jesus Correia; Raphael Dos Santos Coutinho E Silva; Lucas Ferreira da Anunciação; Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira; Henri Gerrit Derk Leuvenink; Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa Journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) Date: 2021-08-16 Impact factor: 2.365
Authors: Tobias M Huijink; Leonie H Venema; Rene A Posma; Nynke J de Vries; Andrie C Westerkamp; Petra J Ottens; Daan J Touw; Maarten W Nijsten; Henri G D Leuvenink Journal: Clin Transl Sci Date: 2020-07-31 Impact factor: 4.689
Authors: Roberto Armstrong-Jr; Fernanda Yamamoto Ricardo-da-Silva; Marina Vidal-Dos-Santos; Cristiano de Jesus Correia; Lucas Ferreira Anunciação; Raphael Dos Santos Coutinho E Silva; Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira; Henri Gerrit Derk Leuvenink; Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa Journal: Ann Transl Med Date: 2021-07