W Derman1, M P Schwellnus2, E Jordaan3, P Runciman4, P Van de Vliet5, C Blauwet6, N Webborn7, S Willick8, J Stomphorst9. 1. Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 2. International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Institute for Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa. 3. Biostatistics Unit, Statistics and Population Studies Department, Medical Research Council of South Africa, University of the Western Cape, Parow, South Africa. 4. Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. 5. Medical & Scientific Department, International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Germany. 6. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 7. Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK. 8. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 9. Department of Sport Medicine, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of illness at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games. METHODS: A total of 547 athletes from 45 countries were monitored daily for 12 days over the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games (6564 athlete days). Illness data were obtained daily from teams without their own medical support (13 teams, 37 athletes) and teams with their own medical support (32 teams, 510 athletes) through electronic data capturing systems. RESULTS: The total number of illnesses reported was 123, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 18.7 per 1000 athlete days (95% CI 15.1% to 23.2%). The highest IR was reported for wheelchair curling (IR of 20.0 (95% CI 10.1% to 39.6%)). Illnesses in the respiratory system (IR of 5.6 (95% CI 3.8% to 8.0%)), eye and adnexa (IR of 2.7 (95% CI 1.7% to 4.4%)) and digestive system (IR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.4% to 4.2%)) were the most common. Older athletes (35-63 years) had a significantly higher IR than younger athletes (14-25 years, p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that Paralympic athletes report higher illness incidence rates compared to Olympic athletes at similar competitions. The highest rates of illness were reported for the respiratory and digestive systems, eye and adnexa, respectively. Thus, the results of this study form a basis for the identification of physiological systems at higher risk of illness, which can in turn inform illness prevention and management programmes with eventual policy change to promote athlete safety in future editions of the Winter Paralympic Games. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of illness at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games. METHODS: A total of 547 athletes from 45 countries were monitored daily for 12 days over the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games (6564 athlete days). Illness data were obtained daily from teams without their own medical support (13 teams, 37 athletes) and teams with their own medical support (32 teams, 510 athletes) through electronic data capturing systems. RESULTS: The total number of illnesses reported was 123, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 18.7 per 1000 athlete days (95% CI 15.1% to 23.2%). The highest IR was reported for wheelchair curling (IR of 20.0 (95% CI 10.1% to 39.6%)). Illnesses in the respiratory system (IR of 5.6 (95% CI 3.8% to 8.0%)), eye and adnexa (IR of 2.7 (95% CI 1.7% to 4.4%)) and digestive system (IR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.4% to 4.2%)) were the most common. Older athletes (35-63 years) had a significantly higher IR than younger athletes (14-25 years, p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that Paralympic athletes report higher illness incidence rates compared to Olympic athletes at similar competitions. The highest rates of illness were reported for the respiratory and digestive systems, eye and adnexa, respectively. Thus, the results of this study form a basis for the identification of physiological systems at higher risk of illness, which can in turn inform illness prevention and management programmes with eventual policy change to promote athlete safety in future editions of the Winter Paralympic Games. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
Authors: Mohamed Jarraya; Cheri A Blauwet; Michel D Crema; Rafael Heiss; Frank W Roemer; Daichi Hayashi; Wayne E Derman; Ali Guermazi Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2021-03-03 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Martin Schwellnus; Torbjørn Soligard; Juan-Manuel Alonso; Roald Bahr; Ben Clarsen; H Paul Dijkstra; Tim J Gabbett; Michael Gleeson; Martin Hägglund; Mark R Hutchinson; Christa Janse Van Rensburg; Romain Meeusen; John W Orchard; Babette M Pluim; Martin Raftery; Richard Budgett; Lars Engebretsen Journal: Br J Sports Med Date: 2016-09 Impact factor: 13.800