| Literature DB >> 27156484 |
Lluís Valerio Sallent1, Sílvia Roure Díez2, Gema Fernández Rivas3.
Abstract
Zika virus belongs to the Flaviridae, an extended phylogenetic family containing dengue or yellow fever, viruses whose shared main vector are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The virus originally came from Central African simian reservoirs and, from there, expanded rapidly across the Pacific to South America. The disease is an example of exantematic fever usually mild. Mortality is very low and mainly limited to secondary Guillain-Barré or fetal microcephaly cases. Diagnostic confirmation requires a RT-PCR in blood up to the 5th day from the onset or in urine up to the 10-14th day. Specific IgM are identifiable from the 5th symptomatic day. Clinically, a suspected case should comply with: a) a journey to epidemic areas; b) a clinically compatible appearance with fever and skin rash, and c) a generally normal blood count/basic biochemistry. There is some evidence that causally relates Zika virus infection with fetal microcephaly. While waiting for definitive data, all pregnant women coming from Central or South America should be tested for Zika virus.Entities:
Keywords: Aedes albopictus; Europa; Europe; Zika
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 27156484 PMCID: PMC7094702 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.03.012
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Med Clin (Barc) ISSN: 0025-7753 Impact factor: 1.725
Arbovirus identificados en la Unión Europea y con posibilidad de transmisión por Aedes spp
| Familia | Virus | Transmisión | Enfermedad | Casos en la UE | Casos en España |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chikungunya | U, S, R | FS | Autóctonos | Importados | |
| Sindbis | R | FS | Autóctonos | No | |
| Mayaro | R | FS | Importados | No | |
| Encefalitis del Este | R | FS, ME | Importados | No | |
| Dengue | U, S, R | FS, FH | Autóctonos | Importados | |
| Fiebre amarilla | U, S, R | FS, FH | Importados | Importados | |
| Usutu | R | FS | Autóctonos | No | |
| West Nile | U, S, R | FS, ME | Autóctonos | Autóctonos | |
| Zika | U, S, R | FS, ME | Importados | Importados | |
| Batai | R | FS | Autóctonos | No | |
| Tahyna | R | FS, ME | Autóctonos | No |
FH: fiebre hemorrágica; FS: fiebre sistémica; ME: meningoencefalitis; R: rural; S: suburbano; U: urbano; UE: Unión Europea.
Figura 1Distribución del virus Zika en el mundo a febrero de 2016.Fuente: WHO. Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/active-countries.html
Diferencias clínicas entre las fiebres chikungunya y dengue
| Chikungunya | Dengue | Zika | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Casos subclínicos, % | 20 | 80 | 70-80 |
| Fiebre | Frecuente (70-80%) | Presente (> 95%) | Frecuente |
| Mialgias | Presentes | Frecuentes | Frecuentes |
| Artritis | Frecuentes | Raras | Raras |
| Conjuntivitis | Frecuente | Rara | Muy frecuente |
| Exantema | Frecuente (50-60%) | Menos frecuente (50%) | Muy frecuente (¿90%?) |
| Neutropenia | Rara | Frecuente | Rara |
| Linfopenia | Frecuente | Rara | Rara |
| Trombocitopenia | Rara | Frecuente | Rara |
| Hemorragias | No | Posibles | No |
| Hemoconcentración | No | Frecuente | No |
Figura 2Evolución de los marcadores diagnósticos durante la infección por el virus Zika (VZ).