Kalliopi Karatzi1, George Moschonis2, Maria Christina Polychronopoulou1, George P Chrousos3, Christos Lionis4, Yannis Manios5. 1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece; EnviNHealth S.A., Vasilissis Sofias 22, Athens, Greece. 3. First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. 4. Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Heraklion, University of Crete, Crete, Greece. 5. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: manios@hua.gr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Excessive fat storage is accompanied by several comorbidities in children and early identification of elevated abdominal fat may be extremely valuable in early prevention of cardiometabolic risk. The aim of the present study was to establish cutoff points for waist circumference trunk and visceral fat, thus identifying increased likelihood of elevated inflammatory markers and adipokines in children. METHODS: A representative sample of schoolchildren (aged 9-13 y) participated in a cross-sectional epidemiologic study conducted in Greece. Anthropometric and physical examination data, biochemical indices, and socioeconomic information (collected from parents) were assessed for all children. Central adiposity markers (trunk and visceral fat) were collected with bioelectrical impedance analysis for 999 children. RESULTS: Specific cutoff values of abdominal adiposity indices indicating increased likelihood of elevated levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin and decreased levels of adiponectin were calculated by sex. These cutoff values were; 67.5 cm for boys and 69.5 cm for girls for waist circumference, 17.75% for boys and 22.65% for girls for trunk fat mass percentage, and 3.95 for boys and 2.55 for girls for visceral fat rating. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish simple cutoff points for abdominal adiposity indices identifying children at high risk for elevated inflammatory markers and decreased adipokine levels. Future studies are essential to confirm these findings.
OBJECTIVES: Excessive fat storage is accompanied by several comorbidities in children and early identification of elevated abdominal fat may be extremely valuable in early prevention of cardiometabolic risk. The aim of the present study was to establish cutoff points for waist circumference trunk and visceral fat, thus identifying increased likelihood of elevated inflammatory markers and adipokines in children. METHODS: A representative sample of schoolchildren (aged 9-13 y) participated in a cross-sectional epidemiologic study conducted in Greece. Anthropometric and physical examination data, biochemical indices, and socioeconomic information (collected from parents) were assessed for all children. Central adiposity markers (trunk and visceral fat) were collected with bioelectrical impedance analysis for 999 children. RESULTS: Specific cutoff values of abdominal adiposity indices indicating increased likelihood of elevated levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin and decreased levels of adiponectin were calculated by sex. These cutoff values were; 67.5 cm for boys and 69.5 cm for girls for waist circumference, 17.75% for boys and 22.65% for girls for trunk fat mass percentage, and 3.95 for boys and 2.55 for girls for visceral fat rating. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish simple cutoff points for abdominal adiposity indices identifying children at high risk for elevated inflammatory markers and decreased adipokine levels. Future studies are essential to confirm these findings.
Authors: Jose Carlos Fernandez-Garcia; Juan Alcaide; Concepcion Santiago-Fernandez; M M Roca-Rodriguez; Zaida Aguera; Rosa Baños; Cristina Botella; Rafael de la Torre; Jose M Fernandez-Real; Gema Fruhbeck; Javier Gomez-Ambrosi; Susana Jimenez-Murcia; Jose M Menchon; Felipe F Casanueva; Fernando Fernandez-Aranda; Francisco J Tinahones; Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-02-03 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Kristina M Rapuano; Jennifer S Laurent; Donald J Hagler; Sean N Hatton; Wesley K Thompson; Terry L Jernigan; Anders M Dale; B J Casey; Richard Watts Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2020-10-12 Impact factor: 11.205