Shumita Roy1, Carolyn E Schwartz2, Paul Duberstein3, Michael G Dwyer1, Robert Zivadinov1, Niels Bergsland4, Victoria Powell2, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman1, Ralph H B Benedict1. 1. 1Department of Neurology,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,University at Buffalo,State University of New York (SUNY),Buffalo,New York. 2. 2DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc.,Concord,Massachusetts. 3. 4Department of Psychiatry and Rochester Health Care Decision Making Group,University of Rochester Medical Center,Rochester,New York. 4. 5Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center,Department of Neurology,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,University at Buffalo,State University of New York (SUNY),Buffalo,New York.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive reserve moderates the effects of gray matter (GM) atrophy on cognitive function in neurological disease. Broadly speaking, Reserve explains how persons maintain function in the face of cerebral injury in cognitive and other functional domains (e.g., physical, social). Personality, as operationalized by the Five Factor Model (FFM), is also implicated as a moderator of this relationship. It is conceivable that these protective mechanisms are related. Prior studies suggest links between Reserve and personality, but the degree to which these constructs overlap and buffer the clinical effects of neuropathology is unclear. METHODS: We evaluated Reserve and FFM traits-Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness-in a cohort of 67 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We also examined the extent to which FFM traits and aspects of Reserve interact in predicting cognitive processing speed. RESULTS: Retrospectively reported educational/occupational achievement was associated with higher Openness, and childhood social engagement was associated with higher Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Current involvement in exercise activities and social activities was associated with Extraversion, current involvement in hobbies was associated with Neuroticism, and current receptive behaviors were associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. When tested as predictors, Conscientiousness and childhood enrichment activities interacted in predicting cognitive processing speed after accounting for age, disease duration, disability, and GM volume. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood enrichment activities and Conscientiousness have a synergistic effect on cognitive processing speed. Current findings have implications for using psychological interventions to foster both Reserve and adaptive personality characteristics to stave off clinical symptoms in MS. (JINS, 2016, 22, 920-927).
OBJECTIVES: Cognitive reserve moderates the effects of gray matter (GM) atrophy on cognitive function in neurological disease. Broadly speaking, Reserve explains how persons maintain function in the face of cerebral injury in cognitive and other functional domains (e.g., physical, social). Personality, as operationalized by the Five Factor Model (FFM), is also implicated as a moderator of this relationship. It is conceivable that these protective mechanisms are related. Prior studies suggest links between Reserve and personality, but the degree to which these constructs overlap and buffer the clinical effects of neuropathology is unclear. METHODS: We evaluated Reserve and FFM traits-Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness-in a cohort of 67 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We also examined the extent to which FFM traits and aspects of Reserve interact in predicting cognitive processing speed. RESULTS: Retrospectively reported educational/occupational achievement was associated with higher Openness, and childhood social engagement was associated with higher Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Current involvement in exercise activities and social activities was associated with Extraversion, current involvement in hobbies was associated with Neuroticism, and current receptive behaviors were associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. When tested as predictors, Conscientiousness and childhood enrichment activities interacted in predicting cognitive processing speed after accounting for age, disease duration, disability, and GM volume. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood enrichment activities and Conscientiousness have a synergistic effect on cognitive processing speed. Current findings have implications for using psychological interventions to foster both Reserve and adaptive personality characteristics to stave off clinical symptoms in MS. (JINS, 2016, 22, 920-927).
Authors: Tom A Fuchs; Michael G Dwyer; Amy Kuceyeski; Sanjeevani Choudhery; Keith Carolus; Xian Li; Matthew Mallory; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Dejan Jakimovski; Deepa Ramasamy; Robert Zivadinov; Ralph H B Benedict Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2018-05-08 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Carolyn E Schwartz; Wesley Michael; Jie Zhang; Bruce D Rapkin; Mirjam A G Sprangers Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2017-09-06 Impact factor: 4.147
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