Homolytic cleavage of the O-Cu(ii) bond: XAFS and EPR spectroscopy evidence for one electron reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i).

The investigation into the active copper(i) catalysts from copper(ii) precursors has become a fundamental and important task in copper catalysis. In this work, we demonstrate that the (t)BuO(-) anion serves not only as a base but also as a mediator to promote the reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i) in copper catalysis. XAFS and EPR spectroscopy evidence the [Cu(O(t)Bu)3](-) ate complex as the key intermediate which undergoes homolytic-cleavage of the O-Cu(ii) bond generating [Cu(O(t)Bu)2](-) ate complex.