Giuseppe Pastura1, Tadeu Takao Almodovar Kubo2, Emerson Leandro Gasparetto3, Otavio Figueiredo4, Paulo Mattos5, Alexandra Prüfer Araújo6. 1. Departamento de Pediatria, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Rua Bruno Lobo, 50 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. giuseppe.pastura@ippmg.ufrj.br. 2. CDPI Neuroimaging (Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3. Department of Radiology, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4. COPPEAD Institute, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 5. Department of Psychiatry, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 6. Department of Pediatrics, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Currently, the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rests on clinical criteria. Nonetheless, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that children with ADHD have different cortical thickness and volume measures to typically developing children (TDC). In general, studies do not evaluate the influence of clinical presentation in the brain morphometry of ADHD children. Our objective was to perform a pilot study in order to evaluate cortical thickness and brain volume in a sample of Brazilian ADHD children and compare these to those of TDC, taking into account the influence of clinical presentation. METHODS: We performed an analytic study comparing 17 drug-naïve ADHD children of both genders, aged between 7 and 10, and 16 TDC. ADHD subjects were first considered as one group and further separated based on clinical presentation. RESULTS: The brain volume did not differ between patients and TDC. Smaller cortical thicknesses were identified on the left superior, medium and inferior temporal cortex, as well as in the left inferior parietal cortex. When compared to TDC, combined and inattentive ADHD presentations depicted smaller cortical thickness with high significance and power. The same magnitude of results was not observed when comparing inattentive ADHD and TDC. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, ADHD is associated with abnormalities involving the cortical thickness of the posterior attentional system. The cortical thickness in the left superior, medium and inferior temporal cortex, as well as in the left inferior parietal cortex may differ according to ADHD presentations.
PURPOSE: Currently, the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rests on clinical criteria. Nonetheless, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that children with ADHD have different cortical thickness and volume measures to typically developing children (TDC). In general, studies do not evaluate the influence of clinical presentation in the brain morphometry of ADHDchildren. Our objective was to perform a pilot study in order to evaluate cortical thickness and brain volume in a sample of Brazilian ADHDchildren and compare these to those of TDC, taking into account the influence of clinical presentation. METHODS: We performed an analytic study comparing 17 drug-naïve ADHDchildren of both genders, aged between 7 and 10, and 16 TDC. ADHD subjects were first considered as one group and further separated based on clinical presentation. RESULTS: The brain volume did not differ between patients and TDC. Smaller cortical thicknesses were identified on the left superior, medium and inferior temporal cortex, as well as in the left inferior parietal cortex. When compared to TDC, combined and inattentive ADHD presentations depicted smaller cortical thickness with high significance and power. The same magnitude of results was not observed when comparing inattentive ADHD and TDC. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, ADHD is associated with abnormalities involving the cortical thickness of the posterior attentional system. The cortical thickness in the left superior, medium and inferior temporal cortex, as well as in the left inferior parietal cortex may differ according to ADHD presentations.
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