Xinlin Xu1, Jingan Wang2, Erin E Devine3, Yong Wang2, Hua Zhong2, Maxwell R Courtright3, Li Zhou1, PeiYun Zhuang4, Jack J Jiang5. 1. ENT Department, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China. 2. Radiology Department, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China. 3. Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. 4. ENT Department, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China. Electronic address: peiyun_zhuang@yahoo.com. 5. Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; ENT Department, Fudan University Shanghai EENT Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore subglottal convergence angle measurement. We hypothesize that the angle will change with glottis closure condition. Changes to the angle may alter vocal fold stress distribution, which could result in vocal fold pathologies. METHODS: Three vocal fold positions were evaluated by the degree of glottal closure and divided into three groups. Neck computed tomographic images of the subjects were gathered, and three-dimensional (3D) models of the vocal folds and the airway were reconstructed using Mimics software, through which the subglottal convergence angle was measured. Using one-way factor analysis of variance, we compared the angle among three groups. We explored the effect of the angle on vibration based on the material oblique section stress analysis. RESULTS: The subglottal convergence angle was effectively measured from 3D models. The angle changed with degree of glottal closure, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.01). Changes to the angle alter subglottal stress distribution in the subglottal shear or normal direction by the material oblique section stress analysis theory. Larger subglottal convergence angle might reduce subglottal pressure in the shear direction below the vocal folds, which would make vibration and vocal fold mucosal wave generation more difficult. CONCLUSION: 3D model generation from computed tomographic data is an effective method of measuring the subglottal convergence angle, which changes with the degree of glottis closure, and may affect subglottal pressure distribution in the subglottal shear or normal direction and influence vocal fold vibration.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore subglottal convergence angle measurement. We hypothesize that the angle will change with glottis closure condition. Changes to the angle may alter vocal fold stress distribution, which could result in vocal fold pathologies. METHODS: Three vocal fold positions were evaluated by the degree of glottal closure and divided into three groups. Neck computed tomographic images of the subjects were gathered, and three-dimensional (3D) models of the vocal folds and the airway were reconstructed using Mimics software, through which the subglottal convergence angle was measured. Using one-way factor analysis of variance, we compared the angle among three groups. We explored the effect of the angle on vibration based on the material oblique section stress analysis. RESULTS: The subglottal convergence angle was effectively measured from 3D models. The angle changed with degree of glottal closure, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.01). Changes to the angle alter subglottal stress distribution in the subglottal shear or normal direction by the material oblique section stress analysis theory. Larger subglottal convergence angle might reduce subglottal pressure in the shear direction below the vocal folds, which would make vibration and vocal fold mucosal wave generation more difficult. CONCLUSION: 3D model generation from computed tomographic data is an effective method of measuring the subglottal convergence angle, which changes with the degree of glottis closure, and may affect subglottal pressure distribution in the subglottal shear or normal direction and influence vocal fold vibration.