Jean Carruthers1, Alastair Carruthers. 1. Departments of *Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and †Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Facial aging is multifactorial, including changes in all the anatomical layers of the face including bone, fat, connective tissues and skin. METHODS: An evaluation of the multifactorial causation of facial aging pointed to the need for a multifactorial approach to restoration and rejuvenation of the aging human face. RESULTS: The varied aetiologies of the expressions of facial aging require more interventions than a unipolar approach. Combinations of neuromodulators, three and two-dimensional fillers and energy based devices were discussed. Surgical interventions were also discussed but were not addressed in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodal approach to lower facial rejuvenation and restoration is discussed as the most effective and appropriate method to achieve noninvasive aesthetic treatment success.
BACKGROUND: Facial aging is multifactorial, including changes in all the anatomical layers of the face including bone, fat, connective tissues and skin. METHODS: An evaluation of the multifactorial causation of facial aging pointed to the need for a multifactorial approach to restoration and rejuvenation of the aging human face. RESULTS: The varied aetiologies of the expressions of facial aging require more interventions than a unipolar approach. Combinations of neuromodulators, three and two-dimensional fillers and energy based devices were discussed. Surgical interventions were also discussed but were not addressed in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodal approach to lower facial rejuvenation and restoration is discussed as the most effective and appropriate method to achieve noninvasive aesthetic treatment success.
Authors: Hugues Cartier; Per Hedén; Henry Delmar; Per Bergentz; Cecilia Skoglund; Carolina Edwartz; Maria Norberg; Philippe Kestemont Journal: Dermatol Surg Date: 2020-04 Impact factor: 2.914