Brain Stem Hemorrhage in a 2-Year-10-Month-Old Child with Renovascular Hypertension Related to Fibromuscular Dysplasia.

UNLABELLED: Renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia is an uncommon but important cause of pediatric hypertension. It is usually ignored and diagnosed after a long delay because blood pressure is infrequently measured in children. We report a case of previously undiagnosed renovascular hypertension complicated with right renal infarction in a 2-year-10-month-old child, who initially presented as a case of conscious disturbance. The patient's brain CT displayed brain stem hemorrhage, and a brain MRI showed acute hemorrhage and multiple old intracerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, intimal fibromuscular dysplasia of the right renal artery was diagnosed by computed tomography and confirmed after renal angiography. Her blood pressure was gradually normalized after medical therapy, including use of Losartan. She is presently asymptomatic on OPD follow-up. The importance of BP measurement can not be overemphasized in pediatric patients less than three years of age with underlying diseases. KEY WORDS: Conscious disturbance; Fibromuscular dysplasia; Renovascular hypertension.