Taik Jong Lee1, Tae Suk Oh1, Eun Key Kim1, Hyunsuk Suh1, Sei Hyun Ahn2, Byung Ho Son2, Jong Won Lee2, Jonghan Cho3, Jin Sup Eom1. 1. a Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center , University of Ulsan, College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea ; 2. b Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center , University of Ulsan, College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea ; 3. c Seoul Plastic Surgery Clinic , Gangneung , Gangwon-do , South Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with mastectomy skin flap necrosis during immediate reconstruction with TRAM or DIEP flaps. METHODS: This study reviewed 1116 cases of immediate breast reconstruction over 10 years. Patients ranged in age from 29-76 years (average = 45.1 years), and had an average follow-up period of 65.6 months. Thirteen factors (age, BMI (body mass index), smoking habits, diabetes ptosis grade, midclavicle-to-nipple distance, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, free or pedicled flap, mastectomy method, surgeon, stage, axillary dissection, mastectomy weight) known to be associated with mastectomy flap necrosis were retrospectively analysed. The odds ratios of the risk factors were calculated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mastectomy skin flap necrosis occurred in 247 cases (22.1%). Univariate regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of age, BMI, ptosis grade, midclavicle-to-nipple distance, free flap, mastectomy method, surgeon, stage, and mastectomy weight were significant and the odds ratios determined using multivariate analysis were significant for mastectomy method, surgeon, and mastectomy weight. CONCLUSION: During breast reconstruction using abdominal tissue, the independent risk factors that affect mastectomy skin flap necrosis include the mastectomy method, surgeon, and the weight of the mastectomy specimen. Awareness of the impact of each risk factor will lead to the modification and individualisation of surgical techniques and continually improve outcomes.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with mastectomy skin flap necrosis during immediate reconstruction with TRAM or DIEP flaps. METHODS: This study reviewed 1116 cases of immediate breast reconstruction over 10 years. Patients ranged in age from 29-76 years (average = 45.1 years), and had an average follow-up period of 65.6 months. Thirteen factors (age, BMI (body mass index), smoking habits, diabetes ptosis grade, midclavicle-to-nipple distance, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, free or pedicled flap, mastectomy method, surgeon, stage, axillary dissection, mastectomy weight) known to be associated with mastectomy flap necrosis were retrospectively analysed. The odds ratios of the risk factors were calculated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mastectomy skin flap necrosis occurred in 247 cases (22.1%). Univariate regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of age, BMI, ptosis grade, midclavicle-to-nipple distance, free flap, mastectomy method, surgeon, stage, and mastectomy weight were significant and the odds ratios determined using multivariate analysis were significant for mastectomy method, surgeon, and mastectomy weight. CONCLUSION: During breast reconstruction using abdominal tissue, the independent risk factors that affect mastectomy skin flap necrosis include the mastectomy method, surgeon, and the weight of the mastectomy specimen. Awareness of the impact of each risk factor will lead to the modification and individualisation of surgical techniques and continually improve outcomes.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast reconstruction; mastectomy skin flap necrosis; risk factor