Pharmacy-initiated introduction of patient-controlled analgesia to a 400-bed community hospital.

The pharmacist's role in the implementation of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in a 400-bed community hospital is described. PCA for postoperative patients was introduced on the recommendation of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee. A subcommittee selected a PCA pump, developed a physician order form and patient monitoring sheet, and in March 1987 initiated a two-month pilot study of PCA therapy in orthopedic-surgery patients. An orthopedic-service pharmacist developed an inservice-education program for the physicians, anesthesiologists, and nurses involved in the care of these patients. Because of the support of anesthesiologists for this program, PCA use during the two-month period rapidly expanded beyond orthopedics to include general and genitourinary-gynecologic patients. Nursing staff demand for PCA inservice education became so great that all staff pharmacists participated in the teaching. Pharmacists in the decentralized areas also provided one-on-one instruction to physicians, nurses, and patients. Positive evaluations of PCA therapy by patients and nurses and favorable patient pain assessment scores, in addition to the hospital-wide acceptance and use of PCA by medical staff, indicated that the program was a success. Active pharmacist participation was a major factor in PCA being well accepted by physicians, nurses, and patients as an effective alternative method of narcotic administration.