Extracorporeal Life Support After Pulmonary Endarterectomy as a Bridge to Recovery or Transplantation: Lessons From 31 Consecutive Patients.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) can be used to sustain patients having cardiorespiratory failure after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We aimed to assess outcomes and to identify factors associated with short-term survival among patients who required ECLS after PEA.
METHODS: We reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who required ECLS after PEA between 2005 and 2013 at our institution. Patients with failed PEA were scheduled for heart-lung transplantation, and patients with potentially reversible hemodynamic or respiratory failure were given appropriate supportive care until recovery.
RESULTS: Of the 829 patients who underwent PEA, 31 (3.7%) required postoperative ECLS. Of these, 23 continued to receive support, and 8 were listed for heart-lung transplantation during ECLS. Overall inhospital survival was 48.4% (15 of 31). Of patients listed for transplantation, 2 died while on support; 4 of the 6 patients undergoing transplantation lived to hospital discharge. Of the 23 supportive care patients, 11 (47.8%) were alive at hospital discharge. The factors associated with survival were younger age (p = 0.02), larger post-PEA decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.020), lower post-PEA total pulmonary resistance (p = 0.008), and pure respiratory failure related to reperfusion edema or airway bleeding (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal life support may be useful to support patients with complications after PEA either to recovery or to salvage transplantation.