Late results of surgery in different cholesteatoma types.

Our series of 740 cholesteatomas, operated during the period 1969 to 1980, were seen at follow-up several times with a median observation period of 9.2 years (range 3-21 years). There were; 273 attic cholesteatomas with retraction (perforation) of Shrapnell's membrane; 271 sinus cholesteatomas with superioposterior retraction (perforation) of pars tensa, and 196 tensa retraction cholesteatomas extending from a retraction of the whole pars tensa. The late results were analyzed for each type separately, and compared. The recurrence rate was lowest (6.6%) in attic cholesteatoma and highest (13.3%) in tensa retraction cholesteatoma. In all three types no residual cholesteatomas were detected after the 4th postoperative year, whereas recurrent cholesteatomas occurred up to 10 years after surgery. The reoperation rate was lowest (15%) in attic cholesteatoma and almost the same (21%) in sinus and tensa retraction cholesteatoma. The hearing results were best in attic cholesteatoma and poorest in tensa retraction cholesteatoma. It is concluded that cholesteatoma surgery should be individualized and that both the canal wall up and canal wall down methods have their place in cholesteatoma surgery.