Patrick Risan1, Per-Einar Binder2, Rebecca Milne3. 1. Department of Police Studies, Norwegian Police University College. 2. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen. 3. Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore approaches to police interviewing of traumatized victims experiencing distress. Specifically, we examined the research question: What do police investigators regard as useful approaches to regulating distress, maintaining rapport and promoting the well-being of the interviewee? METHOD: To explore processes relevant to the research objective, 21 semistructured interviews were conducted of police investigators who interviewed survivors following the Utøya massacre on July 22, 2011 in Norway. To examine the relationship between the research question and the material, we used thematic analysis based on a reflexive hermeneutic-phenomenological epistemology. RESULTS: Following the analysis, 3 main themes emerged: (1) becoming aware of the interviewees' capacity to cope with distress by attending to nonverbal cues, (2) interviewers communicating acceptance and modeling how to cope with painful emotions, and, (3) regulating distress by responding to the interviewees' emotional needs, helping them to feel safe and promoting the positive. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study show the importance of relational processes in investigative interviewing of traumatized interviewees, particularly with regard to coping with emotions. The results suggest that if the police investigator who is conducting an investigative interview can offer a trusting, safe and compassionate relationship, or if he or she steers the relational dynamics toward safety in the present moment when distress arises, he or she may facilitate the regulation of distress. We propose that if the interviewee's emotions are managed in this way during the police interview, it may lead to increased rapport and promote psychological health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore approaches to police interviewing of traumatized victims experiencing distress. Specifically, we examined the research question: What do police investigators regard as useful approaches to regulating distress, maintaining rapport and promoting the well-being of the interviewee? METHOD: To explore processes relevant to the research objective, 21 semistructured interviews were conducted of police investigators who interviewed survivors following the Utøya massacre on July 22, 2011 in Norway. To examine the relationship between the research question and the material, we used thematic analysis based on a reflexive hermeneutic-phenomenological epistemology. RESULTS: Following the analysis, 3 main themes emerged: (1) becoming aware of the interviewees' capacity to cope with distress by attending to nonverbal cues, (2) interviewers communicating acceptance and modeling how to cope with painful emotions, and, (3) regulating distress by responding to the interviewees' emotional needs, helping them to feel safe and promoting the positive. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study show the importance of relational processes in investigative interviewing of traumatized interviewees, particularly with regard to coping with emotions. The results suggest that if the police investigator who is conducting an investigative interview can offer a trusting, safe and compassionate relationship, or if he or she steers the relational dynamics toward safety in the present moment when distress arises, he or she may facilitate the regulation of distress. We propose that if the interviewee's emotions are managed in this way during the police interview, it may lead to increased rapport and promote psychological health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).