Serological and molecular survey of toxoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients in Kashan and Qom regions, central Iran.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the important opportunistic pathogen among solid-organ transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients (HD). This study was aimed to detect toxoplasmosis among 50 renal transplant recipients (RTR), 135 HD and 120 healthy individuals in two cities (Kashan and Qom) that located in the center of Iran, from 2014 to 2015. Serological detection (IgG and IgM antibodies) was performed among all individuals in case and control groups. Molecular detection was performed on all IgM positive individuals or IgG positive with moderate to high (>51 IU/mL) antibody titers in HD (n = 42) and control groups (n = 21). In RTR patients, molecular detection was conducted among all seropositive or seronegative individuals (n = 50). IgG seropositivity was detected in 52% (26/50) of RTR, 63% (85/135) of HD and 33.3% (40/120) of the control group. The rate of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was significantly elevated in RTR and HD patients than the control group (p = 0.023 and p < 0.001, respectively). IgM seropositivity was only detected in one HD patient. T. gondii DNA was detected in 12% (6/50) of RTR and 7.1% (3/42) of HD patients. The results of this study suggested that the screening of toxoplasmosis should be given greater consideration among RTR and hemodialysis patients.