Fergus Shanahan1, Donal Sheehan. 1. Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It is long known that immune and metabolic cascades intersect at various cross-points. More recently, the regulatory influence of the microbiota on both of these cascades has emerged. Advances with therapeutic implications for chronic immunologic and metabolic disorders are examined. RECENT FINDINGS: Disturbances of the microbiota, particularly in early life, may be the proximate environmental risk factor in socioeconomically developed societies for development of chronic immune-allergic and metabolic disorders, including obesity. Antibiotics and dietary factors contribute to this risk. Multiple microbial signalling molecules mediate host-microbe interactions including bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile salts and others. SUMMARY: New strategies for manipulating the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota have emerged and offer a realistic prospect of personalized therapeutic options in immune and metabolic diseases.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It is long known that immune and metabolic cascades intersect at various cross-points. More recently, the regulatory influence of the microbiota on both of these cascades has emerged. Advances with therapeutic implications for chronic immunologic and metabolic disorders are examined. RECENT FINDINGS: Disturbances of the microbiota, particularly in early life, may be the proximate environmental risk factor in socioeconomically developed societies for development of chronic immune-allergic and metabolic disorders, including obesity. Antibiotics and dietary factors contribute to this risk. Multiple microbial signalling molecules mediate host-microbe interactions including bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile salts and others. SUMMARY: New strategies for manipulating the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota have emerged and offer a realistic prospect of personalized therapeutic options in immune and metabolic diseases.
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