Antoni Ribas1, Omid Hamid2, Adil Daud3, F Stephen Hodi4, Jedd D Wolchok5, Richard Kefford6, Anthony M Joshua7, Amita Patnaik8, Wen-Jen Hwu9, Jeffrey S Weber10, Tara C Gangadhar11, Peter Hersey12, Roxana Dronca13, Richard W Joseph14, Hassane Zarour15, Bartosz Chmielowski1, Donald P Lawrence16, Alain Algazi3, Naiyer A Rizvi5, Brianna Hoffner2, Christine Mateus17, Kevin Gergich18, Jill A Lindia18, Maxine Giannotti18, Xiaoyun Nicole Li19, Scot Ebbinghaus18, S Peter Kang18, Caroline Robert17. 1. Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles. 2. Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. 3. Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco. 4. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. 6. Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia7Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. 7. Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 8. Department of Clinical Research, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio. 9. Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. 10. Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. 11. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 12. Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 13. Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. 14. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. 15. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 16. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 17. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus and Paris Sud University, Villejuif Paris-Sud, France. 18. Department of Clinical Oncology, Merck & Co, Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey. 19. BARDS, Merck & Co, Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway limits immune responses to melanoma and can be blocked with the humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: Open-label, multicohort, phase 1b clinical trials (enrollment, December 2011-September 2013). Median duration of follow-up was 21 months. The study was performed in academic medical centers in Australia, Canada, France, and the United States. Eligible patients were aged 18 years and older and had advanced or metastatic melanoma. Data were pooled from 655 enrolled patients (135 from a nonrandomized cohort [n = 87 ipilimumab naive; n = 48 ipilimumab treated] and 520 from randomized cohorts [n = 226 ipilimumab naive; n = 294 ipilimumab treated]). Cutoff dates were April 18, 2014, for safety analyses and October 18, 2014, for efficacy analyses. EXPOSURES: Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks, or 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks continued until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or investigator decision. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (best overall response of complete response or partial response) in patients with measurable disease at baseline per independent central review. Secondary end points included toxicity, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Among the 655 patients (median [range] age, 61 [18-94] years; 405 [62%] men), 581 had measurable disease at baseline. An objective response was reported in 194 of 581 patients (33% [95% CI, 30%-37%]) and in 60 of 133 treatment-naive patients (45% [95% CI, 36% to 54%]). Overall, 74% (152/205) of responses were ongoing at the time of data cutoff; 44% (90/205) of patients had response duration for at least 1 year and 79% (162/205) had response duration for at least 6 months. Twelve-month progression-free survival rates were 35% (95% CI, 31%-39%) in the total population and 52% (95% CI, 43%-60%) among treatment-naive patients. Median overall survival in the total population was 23 months (95% CI, 20-29) with a 12-month survival rate of 66% (95% CI, 62%-69%) and a 24-month survival rate of 49% (95% CI, 44%-53%). In treatment-naive patients, median overall survival was 31 months (95% CI, 24 to not reached) with a 12-month survival rate of 73% (95% CI, 65%-79%) and a 24-month survival rate of 60% (95% CI, 51%-68%). Ninety-two of 655 patients (14%) experienced at least 1 treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse event (AE) and 27 of 655 (4%) patients discontinued treatment because of a treatment-related AE. Treatment-related serious AEs were reported in 59 patients (9%). There were no drug-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with advanced melanoma, pembrolizumab administration was associated with an overall objective response rate of 33%, 12-month progression-free survival rate of 35%, and median overall survival of 23 months; grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 14%. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01295827.
IMPORTANCE: The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway limits immune responses to melanoma and can be blocked with the humanized anti-PD-1monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: Open-label, multicohort, phase 1b clinical trials (enrollment, December 2011-September 2013). Median duration of follow-up was 21 months. The study was performed in academic medical centers in Australia, Canada, France, and the United States. Eligible patients were aged 18 years and older and had advanced or metastatic melanoma. Data were pooled from 655 enrolled patients (135 from a nonrandomized cohort [n = 87 ipilimumab naive; n = 48 ipilimumab treated] and 520 from randomized cohorts [n = 226 ipilimumab naive; n = 294 ipilimumab treated]). Cutoff dates were April 18, 2014, for safety analyses and October 18, 2014, for efficacy analyses. EXPOSURES: Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks, or 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks continued until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or investigator decision. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (best overall response of complete response or partial response) in patients with measurable disease at baseline per independent central review. Secondary end points included toxicity, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Among the 655 patients (median [range] age, 61 [18-94] years; 405 [62%] men), 581 had measurable disease at baseline. An objective response was reported in 194 of 581 patients (33% [95% CI, 30%-37%]) and in 60 of 133 treatment-naive patients (45% [95% CI, 36% to 54%]). Overall, 74% (152/205) of responses were ongoing at the time of data cutoff; 44% (90/205) of patients had response duration for at least 1 year and 79% (162/205) had response duration for at least 6 months. Twelve-month progression-free survival rates were 35% (95% CI, 31%-39%) in the total population and 52% (95% CI, 43%-60%) among treatment-naive patients. Median overall survival in the total population was 23 months (95% CI, 20-29) with a 12-month survival rate of 66% (95% CI, 62%-69%) and a 24-month survival rate of 49% (95% CI, 44%-53%). In treatment-naive patients, median overall survival was 31 months (95% CI, 24 to not reached) with a 12-month survival rate of 73% (95% CI, 65%-79%) and a 24-month survival rate of 60% (95% CI, 51%-68%). Ninety-two of 655 patients (14%) experienced at least 1 treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse event (AE) and 27 of 655 (4%) patients discontinued treatment because of a treatment-related AE. Treatment-related serious AEs were reported in 59 patients (9%). There were no drug-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with advanced melanoma, pembrolizumab administration was associated with an overall objective response rate of 33%, 12-month progression-free survival rate of 35%, and median overall survival of 23 months; grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 14%. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01295827.
Authors: Jesse M Zaretsky; Angel Garcia-Diaz; Daniel S Shin; Helena Escuin-Ordinas; Willy Hugo; Siwen Hu-Lieskovan; Davis Y Torrejon; Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez; Salemiz Sandoval; Lucas Barthly; Justin Saco; Blanca Homet Moreno; Riccardo Mezzadra; Bartosz Chmielowski; Kathleen Ruchalski; I Peter Shintaku; Phillip J Sanchez; Cristina Puig-Saus; Grace Cherry; Elizabeth Seja; Xiangju Kong; Jia Pang; Beata Berent-Maoz; Begoña Comin-Anduix; Thomas G Graeber; Paul C Tumeh; Ton N M Schumacher; Roger S Lo; Antoni Ribas Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2016-07-13 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Kimberly Loo; Katy K Tsai; Kelly Mahuron; Jacqueline Liu; Mariela L Pauli; Priscila M Sandoval; Adi Nosrati; James Lee; Lawrence Chen; Jimmy Hwang; Lauren S Levine; Matthew F Krummel; Alain P Algazi; Miguel Pampaloni; Michael D Alvarado; Michael D Rosenblum; Adil I Daud Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2017-07-20
Authors: Lillian L Siu; S Percy Ivy; Erica L Dixon; Amy E Gravell; Steven A Reeves; Gary L Rosner Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2017-09-01 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: Daphne Day; Arta M Monjazeb; Elad Sharon; S Percy Ivy; Eric H Rubin; Gary L Rosner; Marcus O Butler Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2017-09-01 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: Anje Cauwels; Sandra Van Lint; Geneviève Garcin; Jennyfer Bultinck; Franciane Paul; Sarah Gerlo; José Van der Heyden; Yann Bordat; Dominiek Catteeuw; Lode De Cauwer; Elke Rogge; Annick Verhee; Gilles Uzé; Jan Tavernier Journal: Oncoimmunology Date: 2017-11-27 Impact factor: 8.110
Authors: Diwakar Davar; Hong Wang; Joe-Marc Chauvin; Ornella Pagliano; Julien J Fourcade; Mignane Ka; Carmine Menna; Amy Rose; Cindy Sander; Amir A Borhani; Arivarasan Karunamurthy; Ahmad A Tarhini; Hussein A Tawbi; Qing Zhao; Blanca H Moreno; Scott Ebbinghaus; Nageatte Ibrahim; John M Kirkwood; Hassane M Zarour Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 44.544