Telling the diagnosis of cancer.

Although a concensus has emerged in this country that patients should be told when cancer is discovered, no data is available to indicate how and where patients are currently told that they have cancer. Fifty-five patients undergoing anticancer therapy were therefore interviewed to learn how this process occurs. The majority of patients were told by surgeons (74%) and only a minority by primary care physicians (11%). Most were told in a traditional medical setting (42% in the doctor's office, 17% in a hospital room), but 23% were told over the telephone and 19% in the recovery room. Two indicators of patient satisfaction with the telling process suggested that different sites of telling were not equivalent. Patients told over the telephone or in the recovery room were more likely to describe the telling in negative terms and less likely to describe their doctors as being helpful in understanding their illness than those told in a doctor's office or in their hospital bed. This pilot study indicates considerable variation in this aspect of patient care and suggests directions for future research. To determine whether interviews that explore these issues with cancer patients are unpleasant or stressful, patients' reactions to being subjects in this study were sought. Patients asked directly at the completion of the interview or surveyed 2 to 4 months later said the interview had been helpful and/or a positive experience. None expressed negative feelings about participating. Concerns about the psychological harm resulting from such study of this patient group do not appear to be warranted and should not impede future research.